Ukubophelela amandla eMicroorganisms kunyango lwamanzi amdaka kusetyenziswa iiBiofilm

Ungcoliseko lwamanzi ngomnye wemiceli-mngeni emikhulu kwihlabathi jikelele.

Izinto eziliqela, njengokufudukela kwabantu ezidolophini ngokukhawuleza, ukwanda kwemizi-mveliso, ukwanda kwabemi nokutshintsha kwendlela yokuphila, ziye zafak’ isandla ekungcoliseni iindawo ezihlala amanzi nakwiingxaki zempilo yabantu.

Kulo mxholo, ukucocwa kwamanzi amdaka kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthintela ukungcoliseka kwamanzi nokukhusela okusingqongileyo.

Unyango lwamanzi amdaka ngebhayoloji luye lwafumana ingqalelo enkulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje njengendlela enamandla yokunyanga amanzi amdaka kunye nokukhululwa kwawo kwindalo esingqongileyo.

Kule nkqubo, inani lebhaktiriya liqhekeza inkunkuma ephilayo, iguqulela ekubeni yimveliso engenabungozi engayingcolisi imizimba yamanzi okanye indalo.

Kwangexesha elide, ezi microorganisms ezinamandla zibonakaliswe njengeplanktonic kunye neeseli ezimisiwe ngokukhululekile.

Nangona kunjalo, ii-microbes zikhona njengee-multicellular aggregates ezincanyathiselwe kumphezulu kunye nojongano, zenza ii-biofilms.

Oku kunika ukuqonda ngcono indlela iintsholongwane ezisebenza ngayo kunyango lwamanzi amdaka.

Ukuqonda i-Biofilm 

Ekuqaleni, ii-biofilms zachongwa njengezinto ezibonakalayo okanye iidiphozithi ze-microorganisms kumphezulu okanye njengeeseli ze-homogenous kwi-slime.

Ngeminyaka yoo-1960, izazinzulu kunye nabaphandi bayichaza “njengoluntu olucwangcisiweyo lweemicroorganisms ezigqunywe ngaphakathi kwepolymeric matrix eziphuhlisileyo kwaye zibambelela kwindawo ephilayo okanye engasebenziyo.”

Ngamafutshane, i -biofilm yindibaniselwano yee-microorganisms okanye iqela lee-microbial cells ezinamathele kumphezulu.

Yindawo ekhuselayo esisiseko ejikelezwe kwaye ibanjwe kunye yindibaniselwano ekhuselayo yeemolekyuli ezikhutshiweyo, ezineswekile ezaziwa ngokuba yiExtracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS ).

Yakhiwe ngonxibelelwano phakathi kwe-microorganisms, ekhupha into efana neglue eyenza indawo encangathi, evumela ukuba basebenze njengeyunithi.

Kwakhona, zikhona phantse kuzo zonke iindawo ezifumileyo apho zinokufumana ukuhamba okwaneleyo kwezondlo kwaye zifezekise ukuncamatheliswa komphezulu.

I-Biofilm kunyango lwamanzi amdaka

Inkqubo yokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka yaqala e-UK ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 emva kokuba kufunyaniswe ukuba iintsholongwane eziyingozi kumanzi amdaka zibangela izifo ezahlukeneyo eziyingozi kweli lizwe.

Izityalo zebhayoloji ngelo xesha zisebenzisa i-biofilms.

Okubangel’ umdla kukuba, imigaqo ye-biofilms yasekwa kwanangaphambi kokuba kuqalwe i- Activated Sludge Process , enye yezona ndlela zibalaseleyo zokunyanga amanzi amdaka ehlabathini.

Ke ngoko, kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane yama-20, ii-biofilms ezilungisiweyo zasetyenziswa kwi-ASP yokucoca amanzi amdaka.

Izifundo ezahlukeneyo kunye nophando lwenziwe kwiminyaka emininzi kwaye luyaqhubeka luqhutywa ukuphucula ukusebenza konyango lwamanzi amdaka ebhayoloji kusetyenziswa i-biofilms.

• Funda kwakhona: Indima yeZicacisi kwiZityalo zokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka

Iibhayofilm kwiinkqubo zonyango lwamanzi amdaka zifunyenwe zisebenza kakuhle kakhulu kuneeseli zeplanktonic.

Kwakhona, izityalo zamanzi amdaka zibonelela ngokuqhubekayo kokutya, ikhabhoni, kunye nezinye izondlo ngendlela yenkunkuma, eyimeko-bume efanelekileyo yokuba iintsholongwane ziphile kwaye zichume.

Enye yeenjongo eziphambili zokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka kukususa izondlo zebhayoloji ezingcolisa imizimba yamanzi kwaye zibangele i-eutrophication, ekhokelela ekubulaweni kweentlanzi kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini.

Ngaphezu koko, inokonakalisa indawo yendalo kwaye ichaphazele ubomi bezilwanyana kunye noluntu.

Ngaloo ndlela, izondlo ezinobungozi ziyasuswa ngenkqubo yodaka olusebenzayo, olubandakanya i-floc.

Ezi flocs zifana ne-biofilms, enendawo ekhuselekileyo eyenziwe yi-EPS kunye ne-microorganisms.

Kuyaziwa ukudiliza iindidi ezininzi ze-organic compounds, i-nitrogen kunye ne-phosphorus compounds, njl.

Ukongeza, ngenxa yokuncamathela kwayo, inokubamba iintsholongwane, iinanoparticles, kunye neentsimbi ezinzima.

Kwiimeko apho iinkqubo zamanzi amdaka zifumana umthwalo onzima wenkunkuma, i-biofilms inceda ibhaktheriya ukuba ibuyele ngokukhawuleza kwaye iphucule unyango.

Amanqanaba oPhuhliso lwe-Biofilm kunyango lwamanzi amdaka

Ukuphuhliswa kwe-biofilms yinkqubo enzima.

Ibandakanya iindlela ezifana ne-physiology, ukubonakaliswa kwemfuza, kunye nonxibelelwano olubangelwa yisignali-molecule ngokusebenzisa i-Quorum Sensing.

1. Ukwenziwa kwefilimu: Kwinqanaba lokuqala, umgangatho wokulungisa kumanzi amdaka owenziwe nge-inorganic solutes kunye ne-organic molecules ifunyenwe.
2. Isihlomelo sokuqala: Kwinqanaba lesibini, iibhaktheriya kunye nezinye ii-microbes zisebenzisa Intshukumo yeBrownian kunye neChemotaxis ukuya kumphezulu wefilimu kwaye ngokwenza njalo kuseke unxibelelwano. I-Chemotaxis yintshukumo ekhokela ii-microorganisms ezininzi ukuya kwezondlo, ezibenza bakwazi ukubhengeza phezulu.
3. Isiqhoboshelo esingajikiyo: I-Extracellular Polymeric Substances iqala ukwenza kwinqanaba lesithathu. Kwakhona, i-EPS ibophelela ngempumelelo iiseli zebhaktheriya kumphezulu. I-EPS idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwandiseni ukukhuselwa kunye nokuqokelela izondlo zokukhula koluntu lwebhaktiriya. Amandla ahlukeneyo, anje nge-hydrogen bonding, amandla e-electrostatic, kunye Van der Waals imikhosi, ukubopha ibhaktheriya kunye nefilimu kunye, okubangela ukuba kubekho ukuxhamla okungenakuguqulwa ngokungabikho koxinzelelo lweekhemikhali.
4. Ukuphindaphinda kunye noQoqo: Inqanaba lesine libandakanya ukwahlukana kweeseli okukhokelela ekukhuleni kwamacala amathathu kwiiseli zebhaktheriya kumphezulu we-biofilm, kunye nezondlo ezifunyenwe kwi-biofilm. Njengoko iibhaktheriya zikhula, i-microcolonies yanda, kwaye enye ifom kwifilimu. Iifilimu ezivuthiweyo ziqhelana nokusingqongileyo kwamanzi amdaka, abonisa amanqanaba aguqukayo e-pH, amanqanaba ezondlo, ubushushu, njl.
5. Kwiintsali: Inqanaba lokugqibela lenzeka xa iimeko zenkqubo yokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka ziba nzima kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, iibhaktheriya ezivela kuluntu lwangoku lwe-biofilm ziyazifihla kwaye zijonge uluntu olulunge ngakumbi.

Izinto eziluncedo zeBiofilm kunyango lwamanzi amdaka

• I-Biofilm isebenza njengendawo yokukhusela ibhaktheriya kwaye ikhusela kuxinzelelo lwendalo kunye ne-antimicrobial agents.
• Ivumela ukuguquguquka kokusebenza kunye namaxesha okugcina aphantsi
• Ukonyuka kwexesha lokuhlala lokugxila kwi-biomass
• Ukuveliswa kodaka olusezantsi ngenxa yokucotha kwamazinga okukhula kweentsholongwane
• Iintsholongwane ezikwibhayofilm ziyakwazi ukunyamezela utshintsho olugqithileyo kwimekobume yamanzi amdaka.

I-Organica Biotech yenye yeenkampani eziphambili eziphuhlise izisombululo zonyango lwebhayoloji eziphambili zonyango lwemizi-mveliso kunye nolwelo emva kweminyaka yophando oluzinikeleyo kweli candelo.

Uluhlu lwemveliso ye-Cleanmaxx lubandakanya ukuqulunqwa okuqinileyo kwe-microbial enceda ukuthotywa kwenkunkuma yezinto eziphilayo kunye nokunyusa ukusebenza kwenkqubo yokucoca amanzi amdaka.

Unokusebenzisa uluhlu lweemveliso ze-Cleanmaxx ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho yokukhupha ukungcola kunye nokukhusela okusingqongileyo.

Funda kwakhona:

• https://organicabiotech.com/mlss-bacteria-and-ways-to-evaluate-it/
• https://organicabiotech.com/wastewater-treatment-that-works-every-time/
• https://organicabiotech.com/fundamentals-of-biological-wastewater-treatment/