Yinkqubo yokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka apho ii-microbes ezibandakanyekayo kwinkqubo yonyango zifuna ubukho be-oksijini ukuze ziphile, ziphumelele kwaye ziphathe amanzi amdaka ngokuphula umthwalo wezinto eziphilayo kwinkqubo.
Yinkqubo yokucoca amanzi amdaka apho i-microbes echaphazelekayo kwinkqubo yonyango ayifuni ubukho kunye / okanye ifuna ukungabikho ngokupheleleyo kwe-oksijini ukuze iphile, iphumelele kwaye iphathe amanzi amdaka ngokuphula umthwalo wezinto eziphilayo kwinkqubo.
Yinkqubo esetyenziselwa ukucocwa kwamanzi amdaka apho izinto eziqinileyo ezinqunyanyisiweyo zithontelana kunye neentsholongwane ezisebenzayo ezikhoyo kwinkqubo yonyango kwaye zizinze ekuhambeni kwexesha. Isahlulo esibaliweyo 'soludaka' olulungisiweyo lusebenza njengembewu yokutofa nokunyanga amanzi amdaka angenayo akrwada. Inzuzo enkulu yokwenza oko yi-microbial ecosystem kwi-activated sludge primes inkqubo yonyango yesibini yonyango olusebenzayo nolukhawulezayo.
Yi-quantum ye-oksijini enyibilikileyo efunwa yi-microbes ukuthobisa izinto eziphilayo kwiyunithi yobuninzi bamanzi kwiqondo lokushisa elithile kunye nexesha. Ilinganiswa ngokwemilligrams yeoksijini esetyenzisiweyo ngelitha yamanzi ngexesha leentsuku ezi-5 zokufukamela kwi-20°C kwaye yeyona parameter isetyenziswa kakhulu ukuhlalutya iqondo longcoliseko lwendalo lwamanzi.
Imveliso ye-Biogas ibandakanya ukuveliswa komxube weegesi njengesiphumo sokuqhekeka kwezinto eziphilayo nge-microbes ngokungabikho kwe-oxygen. Irhasi yebiogas ke ngoko yenziwa ngumxube oguquguqukayo wemethane kunye necarbon dioxide. Amanzi angaphantsi asetyenziselwa ukugaya i-anaerobic ukuvelisa i-biogas yezolimo, i-agro-industrial, inkunkuma yokulungiswa kokutya, umgquba wezilwanyana okanye ilindle likamasipala. Funda ngokugqithisileyo
Yi-quantum ye-oksijeni enyityilisiweyo enokuthi isetyenziswe ekuphenduleni kwi-oxidise ngokupheleleyo into ephilayo ekhoyo kwiyunithi yobuninzi bamanzi kwiqondo lokushisa elithile kunye nexesha. Ibonakaliswa kwiiyunithi ze-SI njengeemiligram ilitha nganye (mg/L).
Amanzi amdaka ahlala equlathe izixa ezikhulu zenitrogen kwiintlobo ngeentlobo ezinokuthi zibe nobungozi kokusingqongileyo ukuba ziyekwa zingacocwa. Njengenxalenye yenkqubo yonyango lwebhayoloji, amanzi amdaka adlula kwizigaba ze-nitrification kunye/okanye i-denitrification. Iibhaktheriya ezichazayo ziyi-heterotrophic kwindalo. Xa umthombo wekhabhoni ye-organic unikezelwa kwiibhaktheriya eziphikisayo kwiimeko ezinobungozi, zisebenzisa i-oksijini ekhoyo kwi-nitrate ukuze i-oxidize ikhabhoni equlethe i-substrate. Oku kukhokelela ekuguqukeni kwegesi yenitrogen kwi-nitrate, ethi ikhutshwe emanzini amdaka.
Kwiiyunithi zonyango lwesibini (kuzo zombini iiyunithi zonyango lwe-aerobic kunye ne-anaerobic), xa inani le-microbial lingaqhotyoshelwanga kuyo nayiphi na i-substrate / imidiya, ukukhula kwaziwa njengokusasazeka okanye ukukhula okumisiweyo.
Amanzi amdaka okanye (ETPs) asetyenziswa ngamashishini ukunyanga amanzi amdaka kunye nokususa naziphi na izinto ezingcolisayo nezingeyotyhefu okanye iikhemikhali ezisuka kuwo, zize ekugqibeleni zamkeleke ukuba ziphinde zisetyenziswe okanye zikhutshelwe kokusingqongileyo.
Iinkqubo zoshishino kwiiyunithi zokuvelisa zenza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamanzi amdaka ngokuxhomekeke kwiproduct eyenziwayo okanye inkqubo eyenziwayo. Umgangatho kunye nomthamo wamanzi amdaka adaliweyo ngoko uyahluka ngokufanelekileyo. Ukwahluka okugqithisileyo kwezi parameters kunokubangela ukuwohloka kwabemi be-microbial kwinkqubo yonyango yesibini ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yonyango. Izitya zokulinganisa zenzelwe ukoyisa le miba njengoko zinceda ekugcineni umgangatho uwonke kunye nesantya sokuhamba kwamanzi amdaka ukuya kwicandelo lonyango.
Kwiiyunithi zonyango lwesibini (kuzo zombini iiyunithi zonyango lwe-aerobic kunye ne-anaerobic), xa inani le-microbial lincanyathiselwe kuyo nayiphi na i-substrate / imidiya, ukukhula kwaziwa njengokukhula okuzinzileyo.
Umlinganiselo we-F:M uchaza umlinganiselo we-biodegradable organic matter ngokuchasene ne-microbial biomass ekhoyo kwinkqubo yamanzi amdaka. Luphawu olukhulu lwempilo yebhayoloji yeyunithi yonyango yesibini. Nakuphi na ukutsheka komlinganiselo we-F:M kunokupela iingxaki kwiyunithi yonyango yesibini. Umzekelo : umlinganiselo ophantsi we-F: M ukhuthaza ukukhula okugqithisileyo kwebhaktheriya ene-filamentous. Umlinganiselo ophezulu we-F: M unokubangela ukubunjwa kwee-pin flocs kunye nokudimaza ukulungiswa ngokufanelekileyo kodaka. Nokuba yeyiphi na indlela, ikwathetha ukuba unyango lwamanzi amdaka esibini aluyi kusebenza kakuhle.
I-Flocculation kukwahlulwa kwe-physico-chemicals ye-solids enyityilisiweyo ukusuka kwisisombululo esilawulwa yi-arhente ejikelezayo ebangela ukuyilwa 'kweflocs' ezinkulu, ezinzima kwaye zihlale phantsi. Linyathelo elibalulekileyo lokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka kwaye lisetyenziswa njengenxalenye yenkqubo yokuqala yonyango.
Ubude bexesha apho amanzi amdaka angacocwanga anempembelelo akhoyo kunxibelelwano lwemicrobial kunye nokuthotywa okulandelayo emva kokungena kwinkqubo ukuya kuthi ga ekukhutshelweni kwayo kwaziwa njengexesha lokugcinwa kwehydraulic. Ingumba wezinga lokuhamba kunye nejometri yenkqubo yonyango.
Amanzi amdaka emizi-mveliso asuka kwimveliso, kwimizi-mveliso nakwimisebenzi yorhwebo, kwaye ukubunjwa kwamanzi amdaka akwimizi-mveliso aguquguquka kakhulu kunamanzi amdaka ngenxa yoluhlu olubanzi lweenkqubo zoshishino kunye nemathiriyeli ekrwada.
Utywala obuxutyiweyo bubhekisa kumxube wodaka olusebenzayo kunye namanzi amdaka akrwada angacocwanga ixesha elide njengoko lukumoya ongenisa umoya okanye itanki yonyango lwesibini.
Intwana enganyibilikiyo ifunyenwe amanzi amdaka kwitanki yokuphefumla enotywala obuxutyiweyo yaziwa njengeMixed Liquor Suspended Solids.
Izinto eziqinileyo ezijingayo ezimisiweyo (ikakhulu i-microbial biomass) ekhoyo kutywala obuxutyiweyo betanki yonyango lwebhayoloji. Isetyenziswa njengesalathisi sobungakanani bentsholongwane ekhoyo kutywala obuxutyiweyo beyunithi yesibini yokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka.
Lumanyano olwahluka-hlukeneyo lwamanzi amdaka, amanzi amdaka avela kwimizi-mveliso kunye namanzi emvula angafunxwanga angena kumjelo kawonke-wonke ohambisa amanzi amdaka.
Iibhaktheriya eziguqula i-ammonia kunye ne-nitrogen ephilayo kumanzi amdaka abe yi-nitrate zaziwa njengebhaktiriya e-nitrifying. Ezi bhaktiriya ziluncedo ekukhupheni i-ammonia ibe yi-nitrate ngendlela ye-chemolithotrophic kwaye yeyodidi lwe-Nitrosomonas, i-Nitrosococcus, i-Nitrobacter kunye ne-Nitrococcus Zingundoqo ekuhlutheni amanzi amdaka e-ammonia anokuthi ngenye indlela abe yityhefu ukuba akhutshelwe kokusingqongileyo.
Ngumlinganiselo we-substrate enempembelelo engena kwi-digester ngexesha leyunithi yonyango lwe-microbial.
Ii-Microorganisms ezifana neebhaktheriya, umngundo, intsholongwane ekwaziyo ukosulela kwaye ibangele izifo kwizinto eziphilayo eziphezulu zaziwa njenge-pathogens.
Xa i-anaerobic microbes ibalasele emanzini amdaka ngenxa yokunqongophala kweoksijini enyibilikayo kunye neegesi eziyingozi ezibandakanya ihydrogen sulphide, zenza mnyama amanzi amdaka, kuthiwa amanzi amdaka ajike i-septic.
Ukwenziwa kwentlenga kukubekwa kwezinto ezimisiweyo kwindawo yokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka. Kwenzeka ngokwasemzimbeni ngesenzo somxhuzulane ophela ekwahlukaneni kwezinto eziqinileyo ukusuka kwinqanaba lolwelo. Yinto ebalulekileyo eyenzekayo kwaye isetyenziselwa ukucocwa kwamanzi amdaka.
Amanzi ogutyulo ngamanzi asetyenziswayo nalahlwayo kwiindawo zokuhlala neeofisi. La manzi aqulathe amanzi asuka emakhitshini nakwiindawo zokuhlambela.
Lixesha eliqhelekileyo apho indibaniselwano yezinto eziphilayo eziqinileyo eziphantsi komgangatho kunye ne-microbial biomass, oko kukuthi, izinto eziqinileyo zodaka zigcinwa kwindawo yesibini yokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka.
Itotali yobunzima obumisiweyo (TSS) bubunzima obupheleleyo bamasuntswana amisiweyo, athathwe kubungakanani obuchazwe kwangaphambili besampulu yamanzi kwaye yomiswa de kube ubunzima obuqhubekayo buphunyezwe kufundo oluthathu olulandelelanayo olubonisa ukungabikho okupheleleyo kwamanzi.
Izinto eziqinileyo eziguquguqukayo yintwana enganyibilikiyo enqunyanyiswayo ekhoyo emanzini etshiswe ngama-550°C. Ngumlinganiselo womgangatho wamanzi ofunyenwe kwilahleko ekutshisweni kwento yonke eqinileyo enqunyanyisiweyo kuquka i-microbial biomass.
Ukucocwa kwamanzi amdaka sisicwangciso esiyilwe ukucocwa kwamanzi amdaka ngeyona njongo iphambili yokunciphisa/ukuphelisa ubungozi obunokuthi bubangele kokusingqongileyo kunye/okanye ngenjongo yokuphinda asetyenziswe kwiinkqubo zemizi-mveliso.
Oku kufuna ukususwa ngokwasemzimbeni kobutyobo obukhulu kumanzi amdaka anokuthintela inkqubo yonyango.
Ukususwa ngokuyinxenye kwezinto eziqinileyo ezimisiweyo kunye nezinto ezinyityilisiweyo zezinto eziphilayo nezingaphiliyo kumanzi amdaka kusetyenziswa intlenga kunye neflocculation. Eli linyathelo elibalulekileyo lokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka njengoko kunciphisa umthwalo wongcoliseko kumanzi amdaka ukuya kutsho kuma-60%.
Inxalenye yodaka olusebenzayo olubuyiswayo ukusuka kwisicacisi ukuya kwitanki yokungenisa umoya esebenza njengembewu yentsholongwane kumanzi amdaka amatsha angena etankini.
Ukonakaliswa okulamlayo kwe-Microbe kunye nokucuthwa okulandelayo kwezondlo ezinyityilisiweyo nezinqunyanyisiweyo kunye nezinye izondlo ezikhokelela ekuthotyweni okupheleleyo komthwalo we-organic kumanzi amdaka kwaziwa njengonyango lwesibini lwamanzi amdaka. Ikwaziwa njengonyango lwamanzi amdaka ngebhayoloji.
I-sludge bulking yimeko kwitanki ye-sludge esebenzayo ebonakaliswe ngokungahambi kakuhle kunye nokuhlaliswa kwe-sludge. Imeko idla ngokuvela ngenxa yokukhuselwa kwe-slime yi-microbes ekhoyo kwinkqubo njengokusabela kwiimeko ezinzima zokusingqongileyo ezifana nendlala okanye i-BOD ephakamileyo enemeko ephezulu yokulayisha i-organic okanye ukulawulwa kweebhaktheriya ze-filamentous kwi-sludge esebenzayo eyenzeka ngenxa yomlinganiselo we-F: M, i-DO ephantsi njl.
Unyango lwenqanaba eliphezulu yinkqubo yokugqibela yonyango ibandakanya ukususwa kweekhompawundi ze-inorganic, kunye nezinto, ezifana nenitrogen kunye ne-phosphorus, ukwenza amanzi aphinde asetyenziswe kunye/okanye akhuseleke ukukhutshelwa.
