I-algae zizityalo zamandulo eziwela phakathi kwebhaktheriya ye-photosynthetic kunye nezityalo. Bayakwazi ukusebenzisa ukukhanya kwelanga, ioksijini enyibilikileyo kunye nezondlo ezisisiseko ukuze bakhule kwaye baphile. Zisebenza njengendawo esezantsi yekhonkco lokutya kwindawo ehlala emanzini. Ziwohloka kakubi umgangatho wamanzi ngokunciphisa ioksijini enyibilikileyo kwaye zenze amanzi angahlali kwezinye izinto eziphilayo.
Ukukhula kwe-algal ngesiquphe nangokugqithisileyo ngenxa yobukho be-nitrate egqithisileyo kunye ne-phosphate emanzini endalo kunye ne-artificial waterbodies eyaziwa ngokuba yi-algal bloom. Zingenzeka kumanzi acocekileyo namanzi aselwandle ngokunjalo. Eyona mpembelelo imbi kakhulu kukuncipha kweoksijini enyityilisiweyo ebangela ukutshatyalaliswa kobomi basemanzini. Ziyakwazi nokuvelisa iityhefu eziyingozi ezinokutyhefa nabantu.
Sisishunqulelo segama elithi 'ukwahlukana kwebhayoloji'. Ibhekisa kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni kwaye isoloko isetyenziswa ngokudibeneyo nesifundo se-harbitat yethu kunye ne-eco-systems. Iquka zonke iintsholongwane, izityalo, iintlanzi kunye nezilwanyana ezisemoyeni, emhlabeni nasemanzini.
Yigesi evele ngokwendalo eveliswa ngenxa yokuphefumla kwezinto eziphilayo. Ikwayimveliso yokutshiswa kwamafutha efosili ezimotweni nakwezinye iinkqubo zoshishino. Le gesi ivaleleke kwiatmosfera yethu kwaye xa iqokelelana ngokugqithisileyo ibangela ukunyuka kobushushu behlabathi nokwabizwa ngokuba kukufudumala kwehlabathi.
I-carbon dioxide kunye ne-carbon monoxide ekhutshwe ngokutshiswa kwamafutha e-fossil, iinkuni, inkunkuma yezolimo eyaziwa ngokuba yi-carbon emissions kwaye ihlala isetyenziswa kwimeko yokufudumala kwehlabathi.
Isetyenziselwa ukubonisa impembelelo yemisebenzi ye-anthropogenic kwimo engqongileyo malunga nokukhutshwa kwekharbon dioxide. Ibonakaliswa njengeeyunithi zeetoni (okanye iikhilogram) zekharbon diokside eveliswa kwisithuba sexesha elithile.
Ikharbhon monoxide yenye yeegesi eziyityhefu enokubangela ukugula kunye nokufa xa iphefumlelwa kwindawo ephezulu. Yimveliso yokutsha okanye ukutshiswa kwezinto ezahlukeneyo kwaye yeyona gesi yendlu eluhlaza.
Ekuphenduleni ukufudumala kwehlabathi, ukulwa nokukhutshwa kwekharbon diokside ngokuqulunqa amaqhinga anokunceda ukutya i-carbon dioxide kunye nokuchasa impembelelo ye-carbon dioxide emissions. Ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni sisicwangciso esingundoqo ekuthinteleni ukufudumala kwehlabathi.
Ipatheni yemozulu ngokweqondo lobushushu, ukufuma, iipateni zeemvula kunye nokuvezwa kwelanga ngamava ommandla kwisithuba sexesha elithile.
Utshintsho kwipatheni yemozulu eqhelekileyo yommandla kwixesha elibalelwa kukuphakama kwentshukumo ye-anthropogenic, ukusetyenziswa okugqithisileyo kobutyebi bendalo, ukuqokelelana kweegesi zegreenhouse kunye nokuphela kocwecwe lwe-ozone.
Ukhuseleko olusebenzayo lwemithombo yendalo, zombini eziphilayo okanye ezingaphiliyo lwaziwa njengolondolozo okanye ulondolozo lwendalo esingqongileyo.
Ukuqhekeka kwemithi yemisebenzi yorhwebo kwaziwa njengokugawulwa kwamahlathi. Ilahleko yekhava eluhlaza iyaziwa ngokuba ibangele ukutshatyalaliswa kwendawo yokuhlala yendalo kunye nokufudumala kwehlabathi.
Uluntu lwezidalwa eziphilayo ezizintlobo ngeentlobo kunye neeklasi ezixhomekeke kwenye kunye nokusingqongileyo ukuze ziphile yaziwa njenge-ecosystem.
Iigesi okanye amasuntswana akhutshelwa emoyeni anegalelo kungcoliseko lomoya kunye nobushushu behlabathi zaziwa ngokuba zikhutshwayo. Zinokuvela kwimililo, kumashishini, ukutshiswa kwenkunkuma njl.
Amafutha enziwe kumaleko angaphakathi omhlaba asuka kubutyobo bezityalo ezifileyo kunye nezilwanyana ezithi zitshintshe (fossilization) ukusuka kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye noxinzelelo lwexesha elide zaziwa njengamafutha efosili. Zingumthombo wamandla angahlaziyekiyo.
Ukonyuka kancinci kobushushu bomphezulu woMhlaba ngenxa yemisebenzi ye-anthropogenic ebangela ukukhutshwa kwegesi yegreenhouse kwaziwa ngokuba kukufudumala kwehlabathi. Ukufudumala kwehlabathi kubangele utshintsho oluphawulekayo kwimozulu yethu, iipatheni zethu zemozulu kunye nezinye iiparameters zokusingqongileyo.
Ukufudumala kweatmosfera yoMhlaba okubangelwa kukwanda kwamanqanaba eegesi, ezifana nomphunga wamanzi kunye necarbon dioxide. Ezi gesi zifunxa imitha yemitha ephuma ngokwemvelo emhlabeni, ngoko ithoba ilahleko yamandla eMhlabeni. I-greenhouse effect isoloko ikhona; ngaphandle kwawo, umhlaba ubuya kubanda kakhulu ukuba izityalo, izilwanyana nabantu baphile. Kodwa ngenxa yokwanda kokukhutshwa kwegesi yegreenhouse kwiminyaka yakutshanje, impembelelo yegreenhouse yomelele kakhulu, nto leyo ekhokelela kubushushu behlabathi. Jonga kwakhona ukufudumala kwehlabathi, iigesi zegreenhouse kunye nemitha.
Iigesi ezibamba ubushushu kumphezulu woMhlaba kwaye zithintele ubushushu ukuba bungaphumi, ezibangela ukufudumala kwestratospheric zaziwa ngokuba ziigesi zegreenhouse. Iigesi ezinkulu ze-greenhouse zivela kwi-carbon dioxide (CO2), i-carbon monoxide (CO), i-methane (CH4) kunye ne-nitrous oxide (NO2).
Amanzi ajikeleza kumphezulu woMhlaba emhlabeni ukuya emhlabeni aze aqokelelene ngaphantsi enze imithombo yamanzi ahlaziyekileyo aziwa ngokuba ngamanzi aphantsi komhlaba.
Indawo ehlala uluntu oluxhomekeke ngokubambisana okanye iintlobo ezenza uthungelwano lokutya yaziwa njengendawo yokuhlala. Indawo yokuhlala iyaguquka ngokuxhomekeke kwizityalo nezilwanyana ezikuyo, okusingqongileyo kunye nenqanaba lokuphazamiseka okubangelwa yimiba yangaphandle.
Iirhasi ezinetyhefu ezinefuthe elonakalisayo kokusingqongileyo zaziwa ngokuba ziigesi eziyingozi. Zingoonobangela abaphambili bongcoliseko lomoya kwaye ziyingozi nakwimpilo ngokunjalo.
Ukukhutshwa kwe-oyile ngengozi kokusingqongileyo, emanzini okanye emhlabeni kwaziwa njengokuchitheka kwe-oyile. Banzima kakhulu ukucoca kunye nokonakalisa i-ecosystem.
Umaleko wendalo okhuselayo werhasi ojikeleze uMhlaba oziphatha njengesihluzi semitha yelanga yeultraviolet (UV) waziwa ngokuba yiozone layer. I-ozone layer ichaphazeleka kakubi ngokuqokelelwa kweegesi ze-greenhouse.
Amasuntswana aqinileyo okanye angamalwelo anegalelo kungcoliseko lomoya. Ezi ziquka uthuli, umsi, umsi, umle, umungu namasuntswana omhlaba.
Uphuhliso lwezorhwebo okanye lwemizi-mveliso kusetyenziswa ubutyebi bendalo ngaphandle kokubeka esichengeni amandla ezizukulwana ezizayo ukusebenzisa ezo zibonelelo zinye kwaziwa njengophuhliso oluzinzileyo.
