Februwari 02, 2026
Amanzi amdaka
Isishwankathelo soLawulo lweNkunkuma eNgaboli neZisombululo
- Ingxaki yeNkunkuma yeHlabathi: Ihlabathi livelisa iitoni ezingama-2.24 eebhiliyoni zenkunkuma eqinileyo ngonyaka, ekuqikelelwa ukuba iza kufikelela kwiitoni ezingama-3.88 eebhiliyoni ngo-2050 (iBhanki yeHlabathi). Inkunkuma yeplastiki yodwa ibiza iitoni ezingama-400 ezigidi ngonyaka, kwaye yi-9% kuphela ephinda isetyenziswe ngempumelelo (i-UNEP), nto leyo ebangela isidingo esingxamisekileyo sezisombululo zolawulo lwenkunkuma engaboliyo.
- Yintoni Eyenza Inkunkuma Engaboliyo: Izinto ezingenakubola ngeenkqubo zebhayoloji, kuquka iiplastiki, iintsimbi, iglasi, izixhobo ze-elektroniki (iiselula, iilaptop, iibhetri), i-thermocol, inkunkuma yezonyango, kunye nenkunkuma yamakhemikhali—evela emakhaya, kwimizi-mveliso, kwizibhedlele, kwezolimo, nakwezokwakha.
- Impembelelo kwiNdalo nakwiMpilo: Ukulahlwa kwenkunkuma ngendlela engafanelekanga kukhokelela kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma ezingalawulekiyo, okubangela ukuqhambuka kwezifo, ukuvaleka kwemibhobho kwiinkqubo zokukhupha amanzi, ungcoliseko lwamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba, kunye nongcoliseko lwamanzi—okwenza ulawulo lwenkunkuma olusebenzayo lube lubalulekile kwimpilo yoluntu kunye nokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo.
- Iindlela Ezintathu Zolawulo Eziphambili: Ukuphinda kusetyenziswe izinto (ukuphinda kusetyenziswe iplastiki, iphepha, iglasi, iintsimbi ezinexabiso eliphantsi), Ukutshisa (ukutshisa inkunkuma engaphinde isetyenziswe kwi-500°C+ ukunciphisa umthamo), kunye noLawulo lomntu ngamnye (ukwahlulahlula izinto zibe zizinto ezibolayo/ezingaboliyo njengenyathelo lokuqala elibalulekileyo).
- Impendulo ye-India kwiMigaqo-nkqubo kunye noBuchule: Imithetho yoLawulo lweNkunkuma eQinileyo ka-2016 iyalela ukwahlulwahlulwa kwemithombo kunye neenkqubo zeebhini ezimbini; iSwachh Bharat Mission iqhuba inkqubela phambili; izisombululo ezintsha ziquka iindlela zeplastiki (iplastiki esetyenzisiweyo + ibhitumene) kunye nophando lokubuyisela amandla endaweni yamafutha efosili ngamandla avela kwinkunkuma.
Inkunkuma ingachazwa njengezinto ezilahliweyo nezingenamsebenzi ezingenaxabiso.
Inkunkuma eqinileyo iveliswa kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo, efana nemizi, imizi-mveliso, ezolimo, iindawo zorhwebo, kunye nezinye izinto ezenziwa ngabantu, kwaye ibeka imingcipheko ebalulekileyo yokusingqongileyo kunye nempilo yoluntu.
Ngaloo ndlela, iyasebenza ulawulo lwenkunkuma eqinileyo iyimfuneko.
Ngoko ke, ulawulo olusebenzayo lwenkunkuma eqinileyo luyimfuneko. Ehlabathini jikelele, ihlabathi livelisa ngaphezulu kwe-2.24 yeebhiliyoni zeetoni zenkunkuma eqinileyo ngonyaka, kwaye eli nani kulindeleke ukuba linyuke liye kutsho kwi-3.88 yeebhiliyoni zeetoni ngo-2050, ngokutsho kweBhanki yehlabathi.
Ngokwe-UNICEF, inkunkuma eqinileyo yahlulahlulwe kwi-Biodegradable kunye ne-Non-Biodegradable nkunkuma.
Inkunkuma enokubola ekhitshini, inkunkuma yezolimo, kunye nenkunkuma yabantu neyezilwanyana, enokuthi ibole ngesenzo sebhayoloji yezinto eziphilayo ezisaphilayo.
Nangona kunjalo, inkunkuma engaboliyo yileyo ingenako ukubola ngokwebhayoloji.
Iquka iplastiki, isinyithi, iglasi, njl. Inkunkuma yeplastiki iyodwa yenza ngaphezulu kwe-400 yezigidi zeetoni ngonyaka, kwaye kuphela isi-9% esiphinda sisetyenziswe ngempumelelo, ngokwe-UNEP.
Esi seso sizathu sokuba ulawulo lwenkunkuma engonakaliyo kusetyenziswa ubuchwephesha obuhlukeneyo kunye nezisombululo luthathelwe ingqalelo enkulu namhlanje.
Amazwe kwihlabathi jikelele anyanzelisa imithetho engqongqo, efana ne-EU's Circular Economy Action Plan kunye nesigqibo se-UN sokuphelisa ungcoliseko lweplastiki ngo-2040.
Yintoni iNkunkuma eNgaboliyo?
Njengoko kukhankanyiwe, naluphi na uhlobo lwenkunkuma olungenako ukubola ngeenkqubo zendalo okanye zebhayoloji zithathwa njengenkunkuma engaboliyo.
Ngaphandle kweplastiki, iglasi, kunye neentsimbi, kubandakanya ikhadibhodi, iphepha, iimpahla ezindala, amashiti e-thermocol, iinkonkxa, iipolymer ezenziwe ngumntu, inkunkuma yebhayomedical, inkunkuma yeekhemikhali, i-electronics, iibhetri, njl.
Imithombo yeNkunkuma engaboliyo
Yonke imisebenzi eyenziwa ngabantu inokudala inkunkuma engaboliyo, ukusuka kumakhaya nakwimizi-mveliso ukuya ezibhedlele, ulimo, ukwakhiwa, kunye neminye imimandla.
Ngokubanzi, inkunkuma yeplastiki, inkunkuma ye-elektroniki enjengeemfonomfono ezilahliweyo, iilaptops, iibhetri, kunye nenkunkuma yentsimbi evela kwizinto zentsimbi kunye neglasi ziphuma kumakhaya.
Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lweshishini, kuveliswa inani elikhulu lenkunkuma engaboliyo, kuquka inkunkuma yesinyithi, iplastiki kunye neyezimbiwa.
Inkunkuma yoomatshini kunye nenkunkuma yokupakisha eveliswa kwezolimo, kwiisirinji, kumayeza, nakwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezivela ezibhedlele ithathwa njengengenakubola.
Iingxaki eziBangwe yiNkunkuma eNgaboliyo
Ukuba inkunkuma engonakaliyo ishiywe ingalungiswanga kwaye ilahlwe ngendlela engafanelekanga, inokuchaphazela kakhulu okusingqongileyo.
Ezinye zeengxaki zinokubandakanya iindawo zokulahla inkunkuma ezingalawulekiyo ezinokubangela indawo engcolileyo, ekhokelela kwizifo phakathi kwabantu abahlala kufutshane.
Iiplastiki kunye nenye inkunkuma enjalo inokubangela ukuvaleka kwemibhobho kunye nokungcoliswa kwamanzi aphantsi komhlaba.
Eminye inkunkuma, efana neekhemikhali, inkunkuma yezonyango, kunye neeplastiki, nazo zinokungcolisa amanzi.
Ngoko ke, ulawulo lwenkunkuma eqinileyo lubalulekile ukoyisa imingeni ebangelwa yinkunkuma engonakaliyo.
Ulawulo lweNkunkuma engaboliyo
- ebesezisetyenzisiwe
Ukurisayikilisha yenye yezona ndlela zibalaseleyo nezidumileyo ezisetyenziswayo kulawulo lwenkunkuma enokubola.
Inkunkuma efana neplastiki, iphepha, iglasi, izinto zentsimbi, kunye nelaphu inokuphinda isetyenziswe kwaye inexabiso eliphantsi.
Ikwanceda ekunciphiseni inkunkuma ethunyelwa kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma, ixhasa ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, kwaye yonga amandla.
- Ukufakwa ngaphakathi
Ukutshisa kusetyenziswa kakhulu ukulawula inkunkuma engaboliyo, ekwangaphinde isetyenziswe.
Ibandakanya ukubola kwenkunkuma kusetyenziswa amaqondo obushushu angaphezu kwama-5000 degrees Celsius kwaye inokunceda ukunciphisa umthamo wenkunkuma.
- Ulawulo lomntu ngamnye
Ulawulo lomntu ngamnye lwenkunkuma linyathelo lokuqala lokulawula inkunkuma engonakaliyo.
Ukwahlulwa kwenkunkuma enokonakala nengenakonakala kwimigqomo eyahlukeneyo kunye nokulandela iindlela zokurisayikilishwa xa kusenzeka ngamanye amanyathelo anokuthathwa kwinqanaba lomntu ngamnye.
Inkunkuma engonakaliyo eIndiya
Ngenxa yokukhula ngokukhawuleza kwemizi-mveliso kunye nokufudukela kwabantu ezidolophini, isixa senkunkuma eveliswa eIndiya sinyukile.
Ukulahlwa kwenkunkuma engonakaliyo kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma kube yingxaki ngenxa yokwanda kwabemi, kwaye incinci indawo eshiyekileyo yeendawo zokulahla inkunkuma.
Ngokutsho Ingxelo ka-2014 eyenziwe yi- IKhomishini yoCwangciso yaseIndiya, ukuveliswa kwenkunkuma kwakuqikelelwa ukuba kuza kufikelela kwiitoni ezili-165 lezigidi ngo-2031, kwaye umhlaba ofunekayo ukwakha iindawo zokulahla inkunkuma kangangeminyaka engamashumi amabini uza kuba ziihektare ezingama-66,000, nto leyo emangalisa, ubuncinane.
Nangona kunjalo, i I-Swachh Bharat Mission incede ilizwe ukuba lenze imitsi emikhulu kulawulo lwenkunkuma engonakaliyo.
NgokweMithetho emitsha yoLawulo lweNkunkuma eSolid ngo-2016, ukwahlulwa kwenkunkuma kwindawo eyomileyo, emanzi, kunye nenobungozi kumthombo kunyanzelekile.
Ikwathi mayibe nemigqomo emibini, enye ibe yeyenkunkuma enokubola, enye ibe yeyenkunkuma engonakali, kwiindawo zokuhlala nakumaziko.
Inika amandla abaqokeleli beengubo zasekhaya ukuba baqokelele inkunkuma engaboliyo, enokuphinda isetyenziswe. Kwenziwa amalungiselelo ezinto zokupakisha ezifana nekhadibhodi kunye neplastiki.
Iinkampani ezisebenzisa izinto ezingaboliyo kufuneka ziqokelele loo nkunkuma ziphinde zisetyenziswe.
Kukho iindlela ezininzi ezintsha kunye nezisombululo kwimibhobho yokufezekisa iinjongo zokulawula inkunkuma eqinile.
Ukulawula inkunkuma yezinto eziphilayo, ukwenza umgquba kuchazwa njengenye yeendlela ezilungileyo, ezinokuthi, ukuba ziphunyezwe kumakhaya, zinokuwunciphisa kakhulu umthwalo wenkunkuma.
Kukho izisombululo zebhayoloji, ezifana I-Soilmate ye-Organica Biotech, enceda kwinkqubo yokudibanisa ngokukhawuleza kunye nemveliso.
Kwimeko yolawulo lwenkunkuma engaboliyo, iindlela zeplastiki, umzekelo, ziyindlela entle yokusombulula ingxaki yemingxuma eIndiya.
Iplastiki esetyenzisiweyo, idityaniswe nebhitumene, ingasetyenziselwa ukwakha iindlela.
Kwakhona, inkunkuma engaboliyo iqulethe amandla. Uphando olwahlukeneyo lwezenzululwazi, izifundo, kunye nezinto ezintsha ezenzekayo kweli candelo lokusebenzisa la mandla kunye nokutshintsha amafutha efosili ngawo.
Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngaphambili, ukusebenzisa izisombululo ezisebenzayo ezifana nokurisayikilisha kunye nokutshisa kunokunceda kulawulo olusebenzayo lwenkunkuma enokubola eIndiya.
Ukongeza, ulwazi olungcono kunye neengqondo malunga nokulawula inkunkuma engenakubola kwinqanaba lomntu kuya kuxhasa unobangela.
Iya kunceda ngakumbi ekukhuseleni impilo yabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo.
Shiya iMpendulo
IiBlog
Ukugcinwa ngokungafanelekanga kwemibhobho yasekhitshini kunye nemigibe yegrisi kunokukhokelela ekungcolisekeni kokusingqongileyo kunye neengozi zempilo, kwaye zeziphi ezona zicwangciso zisebenzayo zokuthintela le miba kwiindawo zoshishino kunye nezorhwebo?
Kuvula amehlo ukuqonda ukuba ingakanani inkunkuma esiyivelisayo kwaye incinci kangakanani na ilawulwa ngokufanelekileyo, ngakumbi iiplastiki. Ngelixa amanani enokuziva esoyisakala, aphinda aqaqambise ukuba kutheni ulawulo lwenkunkuma eqinileyo lubalulekile hayi nje kwindalo esingqongileyo, kodwa nakwimpilo yethu nakwikamva. Inyaniso yokuba imibutho yehlabathi kunye noorhulumente ngoku benyuka ngemimiselo eyomeleleyo iyakhuthaza, kodwa utshintsho lokwenyani lukwaxhomekeke ekubeni senze ukhetho oluhlakaniphile kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla. Inyathelo ngalinye elincinane elibhekiselele ekunciphiseni inkunkuma ngokwenene liyadibanisa.