Wastewater treatment plants are used across the world to treat the extensive amount of wastewater generated every day. The main aim is to protect the public from health hazards caused due to untreated wastewater. Moreover, wastewater treatment is essential to prevent environmental pollution. Biological wastewater treatment is the most important process at any treatment facility where living microorganisms play a vital role in degrading organic waste. Among the various components of the system, MLSS is an operational control parameter that needs to be optimized for best treatment results.

India is one of the most populous countries in the world with high population densities in rural areas and urban cities. As a result, human waste treatment and management have become one of the major challenges faced by the country today. According to reports, less than 30% of the population in India have access to safe sanitation facilities. The majority of households in rural areas practice open defecation, which threatens to cause various diseases such as diarrhoea, cholera, hepatitis, dysentery etc.

The population explosion has always been a major challenge in India. The rapid urbanization, better lifestyle and the increased food consumption pattern today has led to a rise in food demand in the country. Therefore, increased food output is essential to maintain food security and meet consumer demand. It was precisely for this reason why the Green Revolution was introduced in the 1960s. Farming saw the adoption of modern methods, technology and extensive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, to boost crop yield. However, such intensification of agriculture led to the loss of soil fertility, pollution of soil, water and air and adversely affected human health and the environment.

The rapidly growing population, urbanization and changing consumption patterns in India has led to the generation of vast quantities of solid waste. As per the Swachhata Sandesh Newsletter released by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs in January 2020, 1,47,613 metric tonnes of solid waste is generated per day, from 84,475 wards across India. The existing process for collection, transportation and disposal, as part of municipal solid waste management, is under undue stress. Thus, improper solid waste disposal poses a great risk to public health.

Rice is among the top three crops produced in Malaysia, and it is the staple food for the majority of the population. According to estimates, the adult population consumes 2.5 plates of white rice on average every day. In a year, the average consumption of a Malaysian resident is approximately 82.3 kg of rice.

Green cleaning is the future, and thus people are fast embracing safe and eco-friendly solutions for washroom cleaning and other applications in commercial spaces. Enzyme based cleaners have emerged as one of the best green cleaning solutions. These are now preferred due to their various advantages over traditional chemical-based cleaners.