Ukwelashwa Kwamanzi Angcolile Kwezimboni: Ubani Okudingayo?

TL;DR: Izimboni zaseNdiya zikhiqiza cishe ama-MLD angu-13,368, futhi cishe ama-60% awo kuphela aphathwayo, ikakhulukazi ngamayunithi amakhulu. Ukudla neziphuzo, uthuli nephepha, uwoyela negesi, izibhedlela, amakhemikhali, imithi, izindawo zokuphuza utshwala kanye nezindawo zokuphuza utshwala konke kudinga ukwelashwa okufanele, njengoba ukungcola kwazo kuthwala umthwalo wezinto eziphilayo, amakhemikhali anobuthi noma i-BOD ephezulu kanye ne-COD. Ukwelashwa ngebhayoloji kubasiza ukuba bahlangabezane nezindinganiso zokukhipha amanzi futhi basebenzise amanzi kabusha.

Njengoba inani labantu elikhulayo, ukufudukela emadolobheni, kanye nezimboni, kuhlangene nokuvalwa kwemifula, i-India isele nezifunda ezicindezeleke kakhulu ngamanzi, ayikwazi ukuphatha kahle imithombo yayo yamanzi.

Ngakho-ke, isilinganiso sokutholakala kwamanzi ahlanzekile ngomuntu ngamunye kulindeleke ukuthi sehle siye ku-1241 m3 ngo-2025.

Kulinganiselwa nokuthi cishe ama-cubic metres ayizigidigidi ezingama-29.3 amanzi azodingeka ngezinjongo zasekhaya nezezimboni ngonyaka ka-2025.

Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa okusebenzayo nokonga kwebhayoloji kwamanzi angcolile ezimbonini kanye nokusetshenziswa kwawo kabusha kuye kwavela njengesixazululo esingaba khona ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zamanzi zesikhathi esizayo.

ENdiya, cishe amanzi angcolile angu-13,368 MLD akhiqizwa yizimboni , lapho kuphela ama-60%, ikakhulukazi avela ezimbonini ezinkulu, aphathwa nsuku zonke.

Amanzi angcolile ezimbonini ezivela ezimbonini ezincane ngokuvamile ehluleka ukuhlangabezana namazinga anqunyiwe okwelashwa.

Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kabusha kukhawulelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwezolimo nezimboni futhi akukwazi ukusetshenziselwa izidingo zasekhaya.

Ngakho-ke, izixazululo eziphuthumayo nezintsha ziyadingeka ukuze kuthuthukiswe inqubo yokuhlanza amanzi angcolile ezimbonini eNdiya.

Izingxenye Zamanzi Angcolile Ezimbonini

Ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lwemboni yokukhiqiza, amanzi angcolile angahluka ngokwakheka kwawo.

Izingxenye ezivame kakhulu ezitholakala emanzini angcolile ezimbonini ezidinga ukwelashwa zihlanganisa i-ammonia, ama-acids, izinsimbi ezisindayo, ama-calcium ions, okokuhlanza, opende, izinto eziphilayo, izincibilikisi, amafutha, i-cellulose, nemfucuza yokudla.

Njengoba amanzi amaningi angcolile ezimbonini egcina esendaweni ezungezile, izimboni kudingeka zihlanze ukungcola ngendlela efanele ukuze kuhlangatshezwane namazinga anqunyiwe.

Izimboni eziningi eNdiya zidinga ukwelashwa kwesibili kwamanzi amdaka okuphumelelayo (ngezindlela zebhayoloji).

Izimboni ezinkulu ezidinga ukwelashwa yilezi ezilandelayo:

1. Ukudla nesiphuzo: Amanzi angcolile akhiqizwa e izimboni zokudla neziphuzo iqukethe izakhamzimba eziningi, ikhabhoni ephilayo, kanye nokugcwala okukhulu kwezinto eziphilayo. Amanzi angcolile avela ezimbonini zobisi kungase kube namafutha amaningi, amafutha, amafutha, kanye noketshezi lwe-whey okudingeka kuhlukaniswe futhi kuphathwe kahle.
2. I-Pulp nephepha: Cishe u-85% wokungcola okuphelele okuvela kulo mkhakha kukhiqizwa ngesikhathi sesigaba sokumhlophe, kanti ukungcola kuncike ezintweni zokusetshenziswa ezisetshenziswayo. Kuqukethe inani elihlukahlukene lezinto eziphilayo nezingaphili. Amakhemikhali amakhemikhali emanzini angcolile adinga ukwelashwa afaka phakathi ama-resin acid, ama-phytosterol, ama-retene, nama-fatty acid. Ukwelashwa kodaka olusebenzayo kanye namachibi angena umoya yizona zinhlelo zokwelashwa ezivame ukukhethwa kakhulu zamanzi angcolile akhiqizwa embonini yephepha.
3. Uwoyela Negesi kanye Namakhemikhali Amakhemikhali: Izinto ezingcolisa amanzi angcolile ezikhiqizwe embonini ye-petroleum zihlanganisa izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlanganisela ezifana nama-hydrocarbon, bongiwe, amafutha namafutha, i-phenol, i-ammonia, nama-sulphide. Izindlela zokwelapha ezivamile zihlanganisa ukuwohloka kwe-photocatalytic, i-oxidation ethuthukisiwe, kanye i-bioremediation, Phakathi kwabanye.
4. Ukunakekelwa kwezempilo (Izibhedlela): Cishe Amalitha angama-200 kuye kwangama-400 umuntu ngamunye ngosuku akhiqizwa amanzi angcolile emazweni asathuthuka njengeNdiya. Imfucumfucu eminingi evela ezibhedlela ikhishelwa ezimisweni zendle noma ilashwe ezikhungweni zokukhuculula indle ngaphambi kokuthi ikhishelwe endaweni ezungezile. Kodwa-ke, ukuphathwa ngendlela engafanele kwala manzi angcolile kungabangela umonakalo empilweni yomuntu, njengoba kubonakala ngezinhlanganisela ezisebenza ngemithi, izakhi zofuzo ezimelana nama-antibiotic, amagciwane, nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-BOD ne-COD.
5. Abakhiqizi Bamakhemikhali: Amanzi angcolile akhiqizwa yile mboni aqukethe izinto ezingcolisa umzimba ezinobuthi kakhulu, okuhlanganisa udoti wezinto eziphilayo nezingaphili, ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene. Izinto ezikhishwayo zingaba nobuthi, i-carcinogenic, ne-mutagenic, futhi zidinga amazinga aphezulu okwelashwa ngaphambi kokukhululwa.
6. Izidakamizwa kanye Nemithi: Amanzi angcolile avela kulezi zimboni angaqukatha izinto ezisebenza emithini ezinomsebenzi wezinto eziphilayo. Ukuba khona kwawo endaweni ezungezile ngaphandle kokwelashwa okufanele kungaholela ekuthuthukisweni amagciwane amelana namagciwane, ukwanda kobuthi bamakhemikhali, kanye nemiphumela emibi empilweni yabantu kanye nasemanzini. Izindlela ezivamile zokwelapha amanzi angcolile zifaka phakathi ukubuyiswa kwama-API noma izidakamizwa ngazinye, ukwelashwa kwe-aerobic/anaerobic biological, ukungasebenzi kwezinto ezisebenzayo ngokusebenzisa i-UV oxidation, noma izindlela eziyisisekelo zokwelapha ngamakhemikhali omzimba.
7. Ama-Distilleries kanye nama-Breweries: Izinkampani eziningi ezikhiqiza utshwala zikhipha cishe u-70% wamanzi azo angenayo njengokungcola. Amanzi angcolile e-brewery inomswakama ophezulu futhi ingabonakala ngamazinga aphezulu e-BOD kanye ne-COD, ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yezakhi eziphilayo ezifana noshukela, isitashi, nama-fatty acids.

Ezinye izimboni ezidinga ukugezwa kwamanzi angcolile yilezi ezilandelayo:

1. Ezolimo: Amanzi angcolile avela ezinqubweni zezolimo aqukethe amazinga aphezulu e-nitrate kanye ne-phosphate engcolile evela ekusetshenzisweni komanyolo. Amanzi ahlanzwa kule mikhakha aphinde asetshenziswe ukuchelela, imfuyo, nokugeza imishini.
2. Ukwakhiwa: Imfucuza ekhiqizwa embonini yezokwakha ihlanganisa imfucumfucu nezinye izinto. Kodwa-ke, amanzi angcolile amancane akhiqizwa ekugezeni imishini yokwakha esindayo.

Ubuchwepheshe bokwelapha amanzi angcolile be-Organica Biotech buphefumulelwe yimvelo futhi buyisisombululo esiqinisekisiwe sokwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile angcolile kanye nezimboni okuphumelelayo.

Ama-enzyme ethu e-bio okwelapha amanzi angcolile ahlose izimboni eziningi kanye nezinhlaka zikamasipala, futhi aklanyelwe ngokwezifiso ukucekela phansi imfucuza yemvelo ngempumelelo nangokuphelele.

Nge-Organica Biotech kanye nosizo oluncane oluvela emvelweni, unganciphisa izindleko zokusebenza zevolumu ye-sludge, unqande iphunga elibi, ehlise kakhulu amazinga e-COD nama-BOD emanzini angcolile ezimbonini, futhi uthuthukise kakhulu inqubo yokwelapha.