Ulwelwe yizitshalo zakudala eziwela phakathi kwamabhaktheriya e-photosynthetic nezitshalo. Bayakwazi ukusebenzisa ukukhanya kwelanga, umoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe kanye nemisoco eyisisekelo ukuze bakhule futhi baphile. Zisebenza njengendawo ephansi yochungechunge lokudla endaweni ehlala emanzini. Benza izinga lamanzi kabi ngokunciphisa umoya-mpilo oncibilikile futhi benze amanzi angahlali kwezinye izinto eziphilayo.
Ukukhula okungazelelwe nokudlulele ngenxa yokuba khona kwe-nitrate eningi kanye ne-phosphate emanzini emvelo namanzi okwenziwa kwaziwa ngokuthi i-algal bloom. Zingenzeka emanzini ahlanzekile nasolwandle futhi. Umthelela omubi omkhulu ukuncipha kwe-oxygen encibilikisiwe okubangela ukucekelwa phansi kwezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini. Ziyakwazi futhi ukukhiqiza ubuthi obuyingozi obungafaka ushevu nakubantu.
Kuyisifinyezo segama elithi 'izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo'. Kubhekiselwa ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni futhi kuvame ukusetshenziswa ngokuhambisana nocwaningo lwe-harbitat yethu kanye ne-eco-systems. Kuhlanganisa wonke amagciwane, izitshalo, izinhlanzi nezilwane ezisemoyeni, emhlabeni nasemanzini.
Kuyigesi eyenzeka ngokwemvelo ekhiqizwa umphumela wezinto eziphilayo eziphefumulayo. Kuphinde kube wumkhiqizo wokushiswa kwezinto ezimbiwa phansi ezimotweni nakwezinye izinqubo zezimboni. Le gesi ivaleleke emkhathini wethu futhi ngenxa yokunqwabelana ngokweqile kubangela ukunyuka kwezinga lokushisa komhlaba okubuye kwaziwe ngokuthi ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke.
I-carbon dioxide kanye ne-carbon monoxide ekhishwe ukushiswa kwezinto ezimbiwa phansi, izinkuni, imfucuza yezolimo yaziwa ngokuthi ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa kumongo wokufudumala kwembulunga yonke okuhlobene.
Isetshenziselwa ukuveza umthelela wemisebenzi ye-anthropogenic endaweni ezungezile mayelana nokukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide. Ivezwa njengamayunithi amathani (noma kg) e-carbon dioxide akhiqizwa ngesikhathi esithile.
I-Carbon monoxide ingenye yamagesi anobuthi kakhulu angabangela ukugula ngisho nokufa uma ihogelwe ezindaweni eziningi. Iwumkhiqizo ovela ekushisweni noma wokushiswa kwezinto ezihlukahlukene futhi iyigesi enkulu yendlu ebamba ukushisa.
Ekuphenduleni ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke, ukulwa nokukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide ngokuklama amasu angasiza ukudla isikhutha futhi anganaki umthelela wokukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide. Ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni kuyisu elibalulekile ekunqandeni ukufudumala komhlaba.
Iphethini yesimo sezulu mayelana nezinga lokushisa, umswakama, amaphethini emvula kanye nokuchayeka elangeni endaweni ethile ngesikhathi esithile.
Ukushintsha kwephethini yesimo sezulu esivamile sesifunda ngokuhamba kwesikhathi okubangelwa ukwanda kwe-anthropogenic, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwemithombo yemvelo, ukunqwabelana kwamagesi abamba ukushisa kanye nokuncipha kongqimba lwe-ozone.
Ukuvikelwa okusebenzayo kwemithombo yemvelo, kokubili eziphilayo noma ezingaphili kwaziwa ngokuthi ukongiwa kwemvelo noma ukongiwa kwemvelo.
Ukuwohloka kwezihlahla ukuze kwenziwe ezohwebo kwaziwa ngokuthi ukugawulwa kwamahlathi. Ukulahleka kwekhava eluhlaza kwaziwa ngokuthi kubangele ukucekelwa phansi kwendawo yemvelo kanye nokufudumala komhlaba.
Umphakathi wezidalwa eziphilayo ezihlukene nezigaba ezincike komunye nomunye kanye nemvelo ukuze uphile waziwa ngokuthi i-ecosystem.
Amagesi noma izinhlayiya ezikhishelwa emoyeni ezinomthelela ekungcolisweni komoya kanye nokufudumala kwembulunga yonke zaziwa ngokuthi yi-emissions. Angavela emililo, izimboni, ukushiswa kukadoti njll.
Amafutha akheke ezingqimbeni zangaphakathi zomhlaba asuka emfucumfucwini yezitshalo ezifile nezilwane ezishintshayo (fossilization) kusuka emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kanye nokucindezela isikhathi eside aziwa ngokuthi ama-fossil fuels. Angumthombo wamandla ongavuseleleki.
Ukwenyuka kancane kancane kwezinga lokushisa komhlaba ngenxa yemisebenzi ye-anthropogenic edala inani elikhulu lesisi esingcolisa umoya kwaziwa ngokuthi ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke. Ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kubangele ushintsho olukhulu esimweni sezulu sethu, izimo zethu zesimo sezulu kanye neminye imingcele yemvelo.
Ukufudumala komkhathi woMhlaba okubangelwa ukwanda kwamazinga amagesi, njengomhwamuko wamanzi kanye ne-carbon dioxide. La magesi amunca imisebe ekhishwa ngokwemvelo emhlabeni, ngakho yehlisa ijubane ukulahlekelwa kwamandla eMhlabeni. Umphumela we-greenhouse ubulokhu ukhona; ngaphandle kwawo, uMhlaba ubungabanda kakhulu ukuba izitshalo, izilwane nabantu baphile. Kodwa ngenxa yokwanda kokukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa eminyakeni yamuva nje, umphumela we-greenhouse unamandla kakhulu, okuholela ekufudumaleni komhlaba. Bheka futhi ukufudumala komhlaba, amagesi abamba ukushisa nemisebe.
Amagesi abamba ukushisa ebusweni bomhlaba futhi avimbele ukushisa ukuthi kungaphumi, okubangela ukufudumala kwe-stratospheric aziwa ngokuthi amagesi abamba ukushisa. Amagesi amakhulu abamba ukushisa asukela ku-carbon dioxide (CO2), i-carbon monoxide (CO), i-methane (CH4) ne-nitrous oxide (NO2).
Amanzi ageleza ukusuka ebusweni bomhlaba adabula enhlabathini aye emhlabathini bese eqoqana ngaphansi akhe imithombo yamanzi ahlanzekile aziwa ngokuthi amanzi angaphansi komhlaba.
Indawo ehlalwa umphakathi oncikene ngokubambisana noma izinhlobo ezakha inethiwekhi yokudla yaziwa njengendawo yokuhlala. Indawo yokuhlala iyashintsha ngokuya ngezitshalo nezilwane ezikuyo, indawo ezungezile kanye nezinga lokuphazamiseka okudalwa izinto zangaphandle.
Amagesi anobuthi anemiphumela eqeda amandla endaweni ezungezile aziwa ngokuthi amagesi ayingozi. Ziyizimbangela eziyinhloko zokungcoliswa komoya futhi ziyingozi nasempilweni.
Ukukhishwa kukawoyela ngephutha endaweni ezungezile, emanzini noma emhlabeni kwaziwa njengokuchitheka kukawoyela. Banzima ngendlela emangalisayo ukuhlanza futhi badale umonakalo kuma-ecosystem.
Ungqimba lwegesi oluvikelayo lwemvelo ezizungeze uMhlaba oluziphatha njengesisefo semisebe ye-solar ultraviolet (UV) lwaziwa ngokuthi yi-ozone layer. Ungqimba lwe-ozone luthinteka kabi ngenxa yokunqwabelana kwamagesi abamba ukushisa.
Izinhlayiya ezinhle eziqinile noma eziwuketshezi ezinomthelela ekungcoleni komoya. Lokhu kufaka phakathi uthuli, intuthu, i-exhaust, i-soot, impova kanye nezinhlayiya zenhlabathi.
Intuthuko yezohwebo noma yezimboni isebenzisa imithombo yemvelo ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ikhono lezizukulwane ezizayo lokusebenzisa lezo zinsiza kwaziwa ngokuthi intuthuko eqhubekayo.
