Kuyinqubo yokwelapha amanzi angcolile lapho amagciwane abandakanyekayo enqubweni yokwelapha edinga ukuba khona komoyampilo ukuze aphile, achume futhi aphathe amanzi angcolile ngokudiliza umthwalo wezinto eziphilayo kule nqubo.
Kuyinqubo yokwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile lapho amagciwane ahilelekile enqubweni yokwelapha engadingi ukuba khona kanye/noma adinga ukungabikho okuphelele komoyampilo ukuze aphile, achume futhi aphathe amanzi angcolile ngokudiliza umthwalo wezinto eziphilayo kule nqubo.
Kuyinqubo esetshenziswa ekuhlanzeni amanzi angcolile lapho okuqinile okulengisiwe okonakele kancane kubuthana kanye namagciwane asebenzayo akhona ohlelweni lokwelapha futhi azinza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ingxenye ebaliwe 'yodaka' olulungisiwe lusebenza njengembewu yokujova nokwelapha amanzi angcolile angenayo angenayo. Inzuzo enkulu yokwenza lokho i-microbial ecosystem ku-sludge ecushiwe iqala uhlelo lokwelapha lwesibili lokwelashwa okuphumelelayo nokushesha kakhudlwana.
Yinani lomoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe odingwa amagciwane ukuze alulaze izinto eziphilayo ngenani leyunithi lamanzi ezingeni lokushisa elithile nangesikhathi. Ikalwa ngamamiligremu omoya-mpilo osetshenziswa ilitha ngalinye lamanzi phakathi nezinsuku ezi-5 zokufukamela ku-20°C futhi iyipharamitha esetshenziswa kakhulu ukuhlaziya izinga lokungcoliswa kwamanzi okuphilayo.
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Biogas kuhilela ukukhiqizwa kwengxube yamagesi njengomphumela wokuwohloka kwezinto eziphilayo ngamagciwane lapho ungekho umoya-mpilo. Igesi ye-biogas ekhiqizwa ngaleyo ndlela iyingxube eguquguqukayo ye-methane ne-carbon dioxide. Ama-substrates asetshenziselwa ukugaya kwe-anaerobic ukukhiqiza i-biogas ezolimo, ezezimboni, imfucuza yokucubungula ukudla, ubulongwe bezilwane noma imfucumfucu kamasipala. Funda kabanzi
Yinani lomoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe ongadliwa ngokusabela ku-oxidise ngokuphelele into ephilayo ekhona enanini leyunithi lamanzi ezingeni lokushisa elithile nangesikhathi. Ivezwa ngamayunithi e-SI njengama-milligram ilitha ngalinye (mg/L).
Amanzi angcolile ngokuvamile aqukethe inani elikhulu le-nitrogen ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene ezingase zibe yingozi emvelweni uma ziyekwa zinganakiwe. Njengengxenye yenqubo yokwelashwa kwebhayoloji, amanzi angcolile adlula ezigabeni ze-nitrification kanye/noma i-denitrification. Amabhaktheriya e-Denitrifying ayi-heterotrophic ngokwemvelo. Lapho umthombo wekhabhoni ephilayo unikezwa kubhaktheriya ehlukanisayo ngaphansi kwezimo ezine-anoxic, basebenzisa umoya-mpilo okhona ku-nitrate ukuze benze i-carbon equkethe i-substrate. Lokhu kuholela ekuguqukeni kwegesi ye-nitrogen kusuka ku-nitrate, ekhishwa emanzini angcolile.
Kumayunithi okwelapha esibili (kuwo womabili amayunithi wokwelapha we-aerobic kanye ne-anaerobic), lapho inani le-microbial linganamathiselwe kunoma iyiphi i-substrate / imidiya, ukukhula kwaziwa njengokukhula okuhlakazekile noma okumisiwe.
Izimboni noma (ETPs) zisetshenziswa yizimboni ukwelapha amanzi angcolile futhi zisuse noma yiziphi izinto ezingcolisa umzimba ezinobuthi nezingewona ubuthi kuwo, ekugcineni zenze amukeleke ukuthi aphinde asetshenziswe noma akhishelwe endaweni ezungezile.
Izinqubo zezimboni kumayunithi okukhiqiza zidala izinhlobo ezahlukene zamanzi angcolile kuye ngokuthi umkhiqizo okhiqizwayo noma inqubo eyenziwayo. Izinga kanye nenani lamanzi angcolile adaliwe ngakho liyahlukahluka ngokufanele. Ukwehluka okukhulu kakhulu kulawa mapharamitha kungabangela ukuwohloka kwenani lamagciwane ohlelweni lwesibili lokwelapha olubalulekile enqubweni yokwelapha. Izitsha zokulinganisa zenzelwe ukunqoba lezi zinkinga njengoba zisiza ekugcineni ikhwalithi kanye nezinga lokugeleza kwamanzi angcolile endaweni yokwelapha.
Kumayunithi okwelapha esibili (kuwo womabili amayunithi wokwelapha we-aerobic kanye ne-anaerobic), lapho inani le-microbial linamathiselwe kunoma iyiphi i-substrate / imidiya, ukukhula kwaziwa njengokukhula okungaguquki.
Isilinganiso se-F:M sichaza isilinganiso sezinto eziphilayo ezingaboli ngokuqhathaniswa ne-microbial biomass ekhona ohlelweni lwamanzi angcolile. Kuyinkomba enkulu yempilo yebhayoloji yeyunithi yokwelapha yesibili. Noma yikuphi ukutsheka kwesilinganiso se-F:M kungase kupeleke izinkinga zeyunithi yokwelapha yesibili. Isibonelo : isilinganiso esiphansi se-F:M sikhuthaza ukukhula ngokweqile kwamabhaktheriya ane-filamentous. Isilinganiso esiphezulu sika-F:M singadala ukwakheka kwamaphinikhodi futhi kuvimbele ukuhlaliswa kahle kodaka. Noma iyiphi indlela, kusho futhi ukuthi ukwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile esibili ngeke kungasebenzi.
I-Flocculation ukwahlukaniswa kwe-physico-chemical of solids incibilike kusuka kusixazululo esilamula into entantayo edala ukwakhiwa 'kwama-flocs' amakhulu, asindayo futhi azinzile. Kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekuhlanzeni amanzi angcolile futhi isetshenziswa njengengxenye yenqubo yokwelapha yokuqala.
Ubude besikhathi lapho amanzi angcolile anethonya angaphekiwe atholakalela ukusebenzisana kwamagciwane kanye nokuwohloka okulandelayo ngemva kokungena ohlelweni kuze kufike ekukhishweni kwawo kwaziwa ngokuthi isikhathi sokugcinwa kwe-hydraulic. Kuyisici sezinga lokugeleza kanye nejometri yohlelo lokwelapha.
Amanzi angcolile ezimbonini asuka emisebenzini yokukhiqiza, yezimboni neyezentengiselwano, futhi ukwakheka kwamanzi angcolile ezimbonini kuyahlukahluka kakhulu kunamanzi angcolile ngenxa yohlu olubanzi lwezinqubo zezimboni nezinto zokusetshenziswa.
Utshwala obuxutshiwe busho ingxube yodaka olucushiwe kanye namanzi angcolile aluhlaza angakahlanzwa inqobo nje uma lukumoya ongenisa umoya noma ithangi lokwelapha lesibili.
Izinhlayiyana ezingancibilikisiwe zitholwe amanzi angcolile ethangini lokungenisa umoya elinotshwala obuxubile aziwa ngokuthi Izinsimbi Ezixubile Zotshwala Ezimisiwe.
Okuqinile okumisiwe okuguquguqukayo (ikakhulukazi i-microbial biomass) etholakala otshwaleni obuxubile bethangi lokwelapha lebhayoloji. Isetshenziswa njengenkomba yobuningi begciwane elikhona otshwaleni obuxubile beyunithi yesibili yokuhlanza amanzi angcolile.
Ukuhlanganiswa okuhlukahlukene kwamanzi okukhucululwa kwendle, amanzi angcolile ezimbonini kanye namanzi emvula angamuncwanga angena emiseleni yomphakathi.
Amagciwane aguqula i-ammonia ne-organic nitrogen emanzini angcolile abe ama-nitrate aziwa ngokuthi amabhaktheriya ane-nitrifying. Lawa mabhaktheriya abalulekile ekukhipheni i-ammonia ibe ama-nitrate ngendlela ye-chemolithotrophic futhi ayingxenye ye-Nitrosomonas, i-Nitrosococcus, i-Nitrobacter ne-Nitrococcus Ayisihluthulelo sokukhipha amanzi angcolile e-ammonia okungenzeka abe ubuthi uma ededelwa endaweni ezungezile.
Kuyisilinganiso se-substrate enethonya engena ku-digester ngesikhathi seyunithi yokwelashwa kwamagciwane.
Ama-microorganisms afana namagciwane, isikhunta, igciwane elinamandla okuthelela futhi libangele izifo ezintweni eziphilayo eziphakeme zaziwa ngokuthi amagciwane.
Lapho amagciwane e-anaerobic eba kakhulu emanzini angcolile ngenxa yokuntuleka komoyampilo oncibilikisiwe namagesi ayingozi ahlanganisa i-hydrogen sulphide, enza amanzi angcolile abe mnyama, kuthiwa amanzi angcolile asephenduke i-septic.
I-Sedimentation ukufakwa ngokomzimba kwezinhlayiyana ezimisiwe endaweni yokuhlanza amanzi angcolile. Kwenzeka ngokomzimba ngesenzo samandla adonsela phansi agcina ngokuhlukaniswa kwezinto eziqinile nesigaba soketshezi. Kuyinto ebalulekile eyenzekayo futhi isetshenziswa ekuhlanzeni amanzi angcolile.
Amanzi endle angamanzi asetshenziswayo futhi alahlwa ezindaweni zokuhlala nasemahhovisi. La manzi anamanzi aphuma emakhishini nasezindlini zokugeza.
Isikhathi esimaphakathi lapho inhlanganisela yezinto eziqinile eziphilayo eziwohlokayo kanye ne-microbial biomass okungukuthi izinto eziqinile zodaka ezicushiwe zigcinwa endaweni yesibili yokuhlanza amanzi angcolile.
Isamba sezinto eziqinile ezimisiwe (TSS) isisindo esiphelele sezinhlayiya ezimisiwe, ezithathwe enanini elichazwe ngaphambilini lesampula yamanzi futhi omisiwe kuze kube yilapho kutholwa isisindo esingaguquki sokufundwa okuthathu okulandelanayo okubonisa ukungabikho okuphelele kwamanzi.
Izinto eziqinile eziguquguqukayo ziyizinhlayiyana ezingancibilikisiwe ezikhona emanzini ezishiswe ku-550°C. Kuyisilinganiso sekhwalithi yamanzi esitholwe ekulahlekeni ekushisweni kwengqikithi yezinto eziqinile ezimisiwe okuhlanganisa ne-microbial biomass.
Ukuhlanza amanzi angcolile kuyisu eliklanyelwe ukuhlanza amanzi angcolile ngenhloso yokugcina yokunciphisa/ukuqeda ukulimala okungase kubangele imvelo kanye/noma ngenhloso yokuphinda asetshenziswe ezinqubweni zezimboni.
Lokhu kudinga ukususwa ngokomzimba kwemfucumfucu emikhulu emanzini angcolile okungase kuthiye inqubo yokwelapha.
Ukususwa kwengxenye kokuqinile okumisiwe kanye nezinto eziqinile eziphilayo nezincibilikisiwe emanzini angcolile kusetshenziswa i-sedimentation kanye ne-flocculation. Lesi isinyathelo esibalulekile sokuhlanza amanzi angcolile njengoba kunciphisa umthwalo wokungcola emanzini angcolile ufike ku-60%.
Ingxenye yodaka olucushiwe olubuyiswayo lusuka kusichazi luye ethangini lokungenisa umoya olusebenza njengembewu encane emanzini angcolile amasha angena ethangini.
Ukuwohloka kokulamula kwe-Microbe kanye nokwehliswa okulandelayo kwemisoco ephilayo encibilikisiwe nemisiwe kanye nezinye imisoco okuholela ekuncipheni okuphelele komthwalo wezinto eziphilayo emanzini angcolile kwaziwa ngokuthi ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi angcolile kwesibili. Kubuye kwaziwe ngokuthi ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi angcolile ngokwebhayoloji.
Ukugcwala kodaka kuyisimo ethangini le-sludge elivuliwe elibonakala ngokungaminyana kahle kanye nokumiswa kodaka. Lesi simo sivame ukuvela ngenxa yokukhishwa kwe-slime ngamagciwane akhona ohlelweni njengokusabela ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu zemvelo ezifana nendlala noma i-BOD ephezulu enesimo esiphezulu sokulayisha okuphilayo noma ukubusa kwamabhaktheriya ane-filamentous odaka olucushiwe olwenzeka ngenxa yesilinganiso se-F: M esigwegwile, i-DO ephansi njll.
Ukwelashwa okuphakeme kuyinqubo yokugcina yokwelapha ehlanganisa ukususwa kwezinhlanganisela ze-inorganic, kanye nezinto, njenge-nitrogen ne-phosphorus, okwenza amanzi aphinde asetshenziswe futhi/noma aphephe ukuchitheka.
