Mashi 14, 2017
Ezolimo
I-Biogas – Isisetshenziswa Samandla Avuselelekayo
Abantu emhlabeni wonke baphikisana ngokuba khona kanye nemiphumela yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, noma ngabe umthelela wako usuyabonakala.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo kuyisixazululo esinengqondo kakhulu sokubhekana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Ukugaya ukudla okungena-aerobic kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-biogas kokubili kusinikeza ipulatifomu yokubhekana nezinkinga eziningi zemvelo, njengokuphathwa kwemfucuza eqinile, ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni, kanye nenkinga yamandla, futhi kuphinde kufake isandla ekwehliseni umthelela omubi wokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Ukugaya kwe-Anaerobic kuyinto eyaziwa kithi kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, ukuphisa ubhiya kungesinye sezibonelo ezinjalo.
Nakuba inqubo yenzeka ngokwemvelo endaweni ezungezile, amandla ayo aphelele asazosetshenziswa.
U-Alessandro Volta, isazi sefiziksi sase-Italy, ube ngumuntu wokuqala owathola i-methane ekhiqizwa ezindaweni ezinamaxhaphozi.
Lokhu kutholakala kuholele ekuqaleni kokukhiqizwa kwe-biogas kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamandla emhlabeni jikelele.
Njengamanje, iJalimane iyizwe elihamba phambili ekusebenziseni izinzuzo zokukhiqizwa kwe-biogas kanye ne-biomass ukuguqulwa kwamandla.
Nokho, isikhungo sokuqala esiphumelelayo sokukhiqiza i-biogas eNdiya sakhiwa endaweni yabantu abanochoko eBombay (manje eyiMumbai), eNdiya, ngo-1859.
Isimo eNdiya, nokho, asikhanyisi kangako njengaseJalimane, njengoba lapha inguqulo ehlukaniswe kakhulu yezitshalo ze-biogas iyasebenza.
I-India inezitshalo ze-biogas zasekhaya ezingaba yizigidi ezi-5 ezinakekela izidingo zasekhaya zamagesi okupheka kanye nezifudumezi zamanzi.
Ubuchwepheshe bokuphehla i-Biogas manje sebufike ezingeni elisha, futhi i-India idinga ukusebenzisa lezi zinqubo ezintsha ukuze yenze igxathu eliya kumandla esimeme.
Izinyathelo ezibalulekile ezihilelekile ekukhiqizeni i-Biogas yilezi:
I-Substrate Generation
Ukukhethwa kwe-substrate kunquma inani le-biogas elakhiwe.
Uma i-substrate esetshenzisiwe inokuqukethwe okunamafutha aphezulu, khona-ke ngokwesilinganiso, i-biomass engu-80% ingashintshwa ibe yi-biogas; ngokufanayo, amaprotheni aphezulu azoholela ku-70% ukukhiqizwa kwegesi, kuyilapho i-carbohydrate ecebile i-substrate izonikeza ukukhiqizwa kwegesi okungama-60%.
Noma yiluphi uhlobo lwemfucuza yezinto eziphilayo lungasetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwe-biogas, njengemfucuza yezolimo, ubulongwe bezilwane, izitshalo zamandla, indle yasekhaya, kanye nemfucumfucu yezimboni enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezinto eziphilayo.
Ngaphambi kokufaka i-substrate ku-anaerobic digester, kuyimfuneko ukucubungula i-substrate ukuze kube lula ukugayeka kokudla kwe-anaerobic.
Izinyathelo zokucubungula ezivamile ezihilelekile ukuchotshozwa kwemishini kanye nokwelashwa kwamakhemikhali ngama-asidi ne-alkali.
Ukugaya kweMicrobial ku-Anaerobic Digester
Ukugaya kwe-Anaerobic kungenzeka kumachweba we-anaerobic, izindawo zokulahla imfucumfucu, nasezinhlelweni ezivalekile ze-anaerobic digesters.
Ukuhlehla kwezinhlelo ezivulekile njengamachweba anaerobic kanye nezindawo zokulahla imfucumfucu ukuthi inani elikhulu le-biogas elikhiqizwayo liyalahleka emvelweni.
Inhliziyo yenqubo yokugaya i-anaerobic ephumelelayo yi-anaerobic digester, ehlinzeka ngokulawula okungcono kwenqubo kanye nesivuno se-biogas.
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-anaerobic digesters asetshenziswa kabanzi ekusetshenzisweni okuhlukahlukene yilezi:
- Ama-bioreactors ethangi agxilile - Imfucuza yezolimo nomquba wezilwane
- Ingubo ye-Anaerobic Sludge egelezayo kanye nengubo yodaka enwetshiwe eyimbudumbudu Iziphehlisi – Amanzi anodaka olomile angaphansi kuka-2%
- Ama-plug flow Reactors - Imfucuza yezilwane nezolimo kanye nokuqukethwe kwento eyomile okungama-30-60%
- Uhlelo Lwegaraji - Udoti oqinile wasekhaya onento eyomile engaphezu kuka-70%
Imishini edingekayo ukuze kwenziwe inqubo yokugaya ukudla kwe-anaerobic inikezwa ibhethri lama-microorganisms.
Njengoba izinqubo zokugcina ze-acetogenesis kanye ne-methanogenesis zizwela ku-pH ene-asidi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina i-pH kuyo yonke inqubo ngokusebenzisa amasistimu okugcina amanzi afanelekile.
Eminye imingcele yokusebenza enomthelela ekusebenzeni kahle kwe-anaerobic digester izinga lokulayisha, izinga lokushisa, kanye nosawoti wamaminerali okulandelela.
I-Biogas ne-Biomethane Generation
Imikhiqizo yokugcina ye-anaerobic digestion i-biogas nokugaya.
Ukwakheka okujwayelekile kwe-biogas kumi kanje:
| Ikomidi | Formula | Ngephesenti |
|---|---|---|
| IMethane | I-CH 4 | 50-75 |
| I-carbon dioxide | I-CO 2 | 25-50 |
| nitrogen | N 2 | 0-10 |
| I-Hydrogen | H 2 | 0-1 |
I-digestate etholakalayo inenani eliphezulu lokudla futhi ingasetshenziswa njengomquba wezinto eziphilayo emisebenzini yezolimo.
I-Biogas esesimweni esingahluziwe iqukethe imikhondo ye-hydrogen sulphide, engagqwala emapayipini okunikezela kanye namajeneretha Okushisisa Okuhlanganisiwe Namandla (CHP).
Ngakho-ke, i-biogas iphinde ihlanzwe ku-Biomethane kusetshenziswa ukuthuthukiswa okuthile ku-digester ekhona.
I-Biomethane iqukethe u-97% we-methane futhi inomphumela omuhle kuphethiloli uma iqhathaniswa ne-biogas.
I-Biomethane ingaphakelwa injini ye-CHP, engakhiqiza ugesi kanye namanzi ashisayo ngezinjongo zasekhaya.
Injini ye-CHP isebenza ngomgomo wokukhiqiza ukushisa okuhlangene namandla.
Amandla akhiqizwa ukushiswa kwe-biomethane angasetshenziswa ukuqhuba izinjini zokuphehla ugesi ukuze kukhiqizwe ugesi, futhi uhlelo lokushintshanisa ukushisa lusihlinzeka ngomthombo wamanzi ashisayo okusetshenziswa ekhaya nasezimbonini.
Nakuba amandla avuselelekayo kuyisihloko esaziwayo yibo bonke, ukuhambisana kwawo akukakagcizelelwa kubantu abaningi.
Amandla elanga namandla omoya yikona okuhamba phambili ekukhiqizeni amandla avuselelekayo, kodwa isizukulwane se-Biogas siyakhula.
Inzuzo eyinhloko yokukhiqizwa kwe-Biogas ukusetshenziswa kwayo njengamandla agciniwe, okungakhokhela isikhathi lapho amandla elanga noma umoya engatholakali.
Amandla okukhiqiza ugesi nge-biogas anganelisa izidingo zezifunda zasemaphandleni e-India, ezixhumeke kabi kumagridi kagesi.
Ngezinqubomgomo ezintsha zikahulumeni kanye nokuqwashisa okusabalele, kuyisiqinisekiso sokuthi isimo sokukhiqizwa kwe-biogas e-India sizothuthuka kakhulu eminyakeni ezayo.
Funda futhi:
Amabhulogi wakamuva
