Ngo-2025, umhlaba ubhekene nenkinga enkulu yemfucuza. Ukukhiqizwa kwemfucuza kamasipala yomhlaba wonke (i-MSW) kufinyelele kumathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2.1 ngo-2023 futhi kulindeleke ukuthi kukhuphukele kumathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-3.8 ngo-2050.
Ukwanda okusheshayo kwamadolobha kanye nokukhula kwezimboni kuyaqhubeka nokukhulisa inqwaba yemfucuza, okwenza ukuphathwa kwemfucuza eqinile kube yinto ebaluleke kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili.
Ngo-2023, umhlaba wakhiqiza amathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2.1 e-MSW . Izindleko eziqondile zokuphatha lowo mfucuza zalinganiselwa ku- USD 252 billion ngo-2020; ngezindleko ezifihliwe (kufaka phakathi impilo, ukungcola, kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu), inani lafinyelela ku- USD 361 billion.
Uma kungekho sinyathelo esithathwayo, izindleko eziqondile zingasondela ku- USD 640 billion ngonyaka ngo-2050 . Ngakolunye uhlangothi, indlela yomnotho ojikelezayo ingaguqula ukuphathwa kwemfucuza ibe yinzuzo eningi engu- USD 108.5 billion ngonyaka ngo-2050.
Ukulawulwa kwemfucuza eqinile kungachazwa njengokuqoqwa, ukwelashwa, kanye nokulahlwa kwemfucuza ekhiqizwayo.
Ukuqonda kangcono imfucuza kanye nokuhambisana nobuchwepheshe bakamuva kusivumela ukuthi silawule imfucuza ngendlela efanele ngokusebenzisa kabusha, ukugaywa kabusha, kanye nokukhuphula udoti oqinile.
Naphezu kwabo bonke ubuchwepheshe obukhona, kunezinselelo ezimbalwa okubhekwana nazo ekulawuleni udoti oqinile, njengokuphatha, izinkinga zomphakathi, kanye nokusimama kwezezimali.
Ngokukhuphuka okungalawuleki kwezimboni kanye nenani labantu, izinga lokuphehlwa kwemfucuza likhule kakhulu.
Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule, noma iyiphi into efeze inhloso yayo izolahlwa ngaphandle kokucabanga futhi ekugcineni iphelele endaweni kamasipala yokulahla udoti - ingahlukanisiwe.
Lokhu kuntuleka kokuhlukaniswa kanye nokulahlwa/ukwelashwa okufanele kuye kwasiholela kwenye yezinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu esibhekene nazo namuhla.
Ngakho-ke, sibhekana kanjani noGoliyati ophethe udoti oqinile namuhla?
Njengamanje, amazwe amaningi afuna amasu amasha okulawula udoti oqinile anezindleko eziphansi, okulula ukuwasebenzisa, ahlukaniselwe izindawo, asebenzayo, futhi angasetshenziswa kalula esimweni esikhona.
Hhayi lokhu kuphela, wonke amasu okulawula imfucuza kufanele akwazi ukubhekana nawo futhi avumelane nokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kukadoti kusalokhu kwanda esikhathini esizayo.
Njengoba kukhuliswa ngokushesha emadolobheni kanye namasu okuphatha imfucuza eqinile asephelelwe yisikhathi, izwe libhekene nenselele enkulu ekuphathweni kwemfucuza eqinile.
Ngo-2024, inani labantu baseNdiya limi ku- 1.417 billion , kanti izakhamuzi zasemadolobheni ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-600 zibikezelwe ekupheleni konyaka. I-Urban India okwamanje ikhiqiza amathani ayizigidi ezingu-55.6 (MMT) e-MSW minyaka yonke , kusukela ku-62 MMT ngo-2020.
Ukusebenza kahle kokuqoqwa kwempahla manje sekungama- 70% ezweni lonke , kodwa ukwelashwa kanye nokulahla kuseyinselele enkulu.
Kuma- 55.6 MMT akhiqizwe , cishe ama-39 MMT aqoqiwe (70%). Kulawo, ama-17 MMT kuphela acutshungulwa kahle (ukwenza umquba, ukuphinda usebenzise, ukulahla udoti ube amandla), kanti okunye kuphelela ezindaweni zokulahla udoti noma ezindaweni zokulahla udoti ezivulekile.
UNdunankulu ohloniphekile u-'Swachh Bharat Abhiyan' uhlose ukuqhubela izakhamizi zezwe, omasipala, nezimboni ekubhekeleleni imvelo nokuzikhuthaza ukuthi ziqhubekele phambili ekulawulweni kukadoti.
I-Solid Waste Management (SWM) namuhla iyingxenye esemqoka yokugcina amadolobha, amadolobhakazi kanye namadolobhana ethu ehlanzekile.
Kodwa-ke, isithiyo esikhulu kulolu hlelo ukuntula isimilo ekuhlukaniseni imfucuza, ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukuguqulwa ngokushesha kukadoti wokulahla imfucumfucu ube yizinto ezivundisiwe.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwemfucuza okungekuhle kuye kwaholela ekugcwaleni ngokushesha izindawo zokulahla imfucumfucu, kanye nendathane yezinkinga ezihlobene.
Ukuphathwa kwemfucuza eqinile ngendlela engafanele kuyaziwa ukuthi kunenqwaba yemithelela emvelweni, kodwa ngaphandle kwalokho, kuphinde kube nomthelela kwezempilo kanye nezezimali.
Umkhuba ojwayelekile wokulahla imfucuza ezindaweni zokulahla imfucuza uwukuthulula imfucuza bese uyibeka ndawonye kuze kube yilapho kungekho ndawo eyengeziwe etholakalayo.
Siye saqonda ukuthi ukuphathwa kwemfucuza eqinile kungayithinta kanjani impilo nemvelo yethu, futhi kudale ukulahlekelwa ngokwezimali.
Kuba nesidingo sokusebenzisa indawo yokulahla imfucumfucu ngendlela efanele ukuze kuncishiswe izingozi zezempilo, kwenziwe inqubo yonge izindleko, futhi kwandiswe umthamo wokulahlwa kwemfucuza kanye nokutholwa kwezinsiza ngezinga eliphezulu kakhulu.
Ukuhlukaniswa nokulahlwa kwemfucuza ezindaweni ezihlukene kuya kuqala lapho umuntu ecabanga nganoma yiliphi isu lemfucuza eqinile.
Isithiyo esikhulu emiphakathini namuhla ukuntula ukuzimisela ukwenza into elula neqondile.
Uma wonke umuntu engahlukanisa ngokuphumelelayo futhi asebenzise kabusha, aphinde agaywe kabusha, agaywe kabusha, futhi anciphise imfucumfucu yakhe, kungaba nje indaba yesikhathi ngaphambi kokuba izinkinga zethu zokuphatha udoti zinciphe!
Njengamanje, izindikimba zomasipala e-India seziqalile ukuphoqelela ukuhlukaniswa kwemfucuza futhi zikhuthaze abantu ukuthi baphathe eyabo imfucumfucu ebolayo.
Izindawo zokulahla imfucumfucu ziyisu eliyisisekelo kakhulu lokulawula imfucuza eselisetshenziswe emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule.
Nokho, ukusetshenziswa kabi nokungazi kahle kwaleli su kube nemiphumela eyinhlekelele emazweni amaningi.
Izizathu zokwehluleka zisukela ekwabiweni komhlaba ngendlela engafanele kuye ekwenyukeni okukhulu kukadoti olahlwa nsuku zonke.
Izindawo zokulahla udoti zanamuhla ngo-2024 ziyaqhubeka nokufaka ukujikeleza kabusha kwe-leachate, izinhlelo zokukhipha i-methane (ezivaleleke ekusebenzeni kahle kokubamba i-methane okungu-75% ), kanye nezinsimbi zokufaka udoti ezakhiwe ngendlela ethuthukisiwe.
Isilinganiso sokuphila kwesakhiwo samaseli amasha okulahla udoti ezindaweni zasemadolobheni amakhulu (isb., iBengaluru, iMumbai) manje siyiminyaka engama-40-50 ngokusekelwe emazingeni okukhiqizwa kwemfucuza amanje.
Isizathu esikhulu, nokho, ukungahlukaniswa kwemfucuza.
Imfucuza ingahlukaniswa izigaba ezimbili:
Izingxenyana ezihlukene zemfucuza zikhiqizwa emithonjeni nasemisebenzini eyahlukene.
Lezi zihlukaniswe ngokuyinhloko zibe imfucuza yezinto eziphilayo nezingezona izinto eziphilayo.
Isisekelo sonke sokulawulwa kwemfucuza okuqinile kusekelwe ekuhlukaniseni okusebenzayo kwemfucuza.
Ingxenyana yemfucuza engaboli yaziwa ngokuthi i-organic, njengodoti wokudla nekhishi, imfucuza yasengadini, imfucuza yemakethe, izimboni zokudla, ukucubungula izinkuni, imfucuza yezolimo, njll., kanye nemfucumfucu engaboli yaziwa ngokuthi imfucuza engeyona eyemvelo, njengemfucuza yokwakha, imfucuza yokunakekelwa kwempilo, imfucuza ye-e, imfucuza yepulasitiki, imfucuza yensimbi, njll.
Ngokombono wokulawulwa kwemfucuza eqinile emhlabeni wonke, kuyabonakala ukuthi amazwe anemali engenayo ephezulu ngomuntu ngamunye avame ukudala imfucuza eningi, kuyilapho amazwe asathuthuka evame ukudala imfucuza encane.
Ngakho-ke, kusobala ukuthi ukufudukela emadolobheni, indlela yokuphila, kanye namazinga aphezulu emali engenayo kunethonya elithile enanini lemfucuza ekhiqizwayo.
Inqubo yokwelashwa kwengxenyana kadoti incike ohlotsheni lwemfucuza.
Emazweni amaningi, ukukhiqizwa kukadoti wemvelo kungabalelwa kumaphesenti angama-50 kamasipala wokulahlwa kukadoti, noma kuze kufike ku-80% emazweni asathuthuka.
Umthwalo wemfucuza yezinto eziphilayo, okuqukethwe umswakama, nokuminyana kwemfucuza kuphezulu emazweni anemali engenayo ephansi ngomuntu ngamunye uma kuqhathaniswa nalawo anemali engenayo ephezulu ngomuntu ngamunye, kuyilapho ukusetshenziswa kwephepha, ipulasitiki, kanye nemfucumfucu yokupakisha kuphezulu kakhulu emazweni anemali engenayo ephezulu.
Imfucuza kamasipala iyingxube yemfucuza yezinto eziphilayo nezingezona ezemvelo.
Umthombo wemfucuza nawo uyahluka, okuhlanganisa imfucuza yezindawo zokuhlala, imfucuza yezimboni, imfucuza yezentengiselwano, imfucuza yokwakha nokudilizwa, imfucuza yezolimo, kanye nemfucuza yezinto eziphilayo.
Imfucumfucu ephuma ekulungiseni ukudla, imifino, izimbali, amaqabunga omile, izinqamu zotshani, amagatsha ezihlahla, imfucumfucu yezilwane, imfucumfucu yezinhlanzi nemfucuza yezolimo.
Ubude besikhathi sokucekelwa phansi kwemfucuza bubuye buhluka ngokuya ngesakhiwo semfucuza.
Izinto ezintathu ezilawula impumelelo yendawo yokulahla imfucumfucu iyindawo yayo, ukwakhiwa kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwayo.
Kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe amathani emfucuza ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-7 kuya kweziyi-10 akhiqizwa emhlabeni wonke unyaka ngamunye.
Izinga lokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza lilingana ngqo nokuphehlwa kukadoti.
Izinyathelo ezintathu eziya ekulawulweni kwemfucuza eqinile ukuncishiswa, ukuphinda kusetshenziswe futhi kusetshenziswe kabusha.
Okokuqala, yehlisa ukukhiqizwa kwemfucuza lapho kungenzeka khona.
Phinda usebenzise noma yini engase isetshenziswe futhi, bese ugaya kabusha udoti ongasebenziseki kabusha ube yimikhiqizo ebalulekile.
Isu lokuphatha imfucumfucu eqinile elisebenzayo lingachazwa njengendawo lapho ukuphathwa okuphezulu kwemfucuza ebolayo ephilayo kwenziwa ngokuhambisana nokugaywa kabusha nokukhushulwa kwemfucuza engaboli.
Isinyathelo sesibili esibalulekile sokuphatha kangcono imfucuza eqinile Ukuphinda usebenzise.
Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule, intuthuko enkulu yenziwe ezobuchwepheshe bokupakisha.
Okubi kakhulu, nokho, kube ukuthi iningi lalokhu kufakwa akwenziwanga nge-58/inhloso yokuphinda isetshenziswe noma igaywe kabusha.
Namuhla, inkinga yomhlaba wonke yokulawulwa kwemfucuza eqinile isiphezu kwamakhanda ethu.
Izinkampani zitshala imali ekucabangeni kabusha amaphakheji azo ukuze aphinde asetshenziswe noma agaywe kabusha.
Elinye iqhinga elingcono elingafika liwusizo ukufunda ukukhuphula imfucuza.
I-Upcycling inqubo yokudala into entsha entweni engasasebenzi noma inani ngendlela yayo yamanje.
Lokhu ngeke nje kwehlise umthwalo ezindaweni zokulahla imfucumfucu, kodwa kuzophinde kwehlise ingcindezi ezindaweni zokugaywa kabusha.
Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nokuphatha nokuthola izixazululo zemfucuza engaboli, hlola umhlahlandlela wethu ojulile mayelana nokuphathwa kwemfucuza engaboli kanye nezixazululo.
Ubuchwepheshe bokulawulwa kwemfucuza eqinile yemvelo budinga ukulungiswa ngokushesha, njengoba ukubhekana nale ngxenyana kadoti kungasiza ekunciphiseni umthwalo emigwaqweni kamasipala elawula imfucuza eqinile.
Obunye ubuchwepheshe obaziwa kakhulu bokulawulwa kwemfucuza eqinile engaboli yilezi:
Kunobuhle nobubi obuhlukahlukene endleleni ngayinye yokuphatha imfucuza eqinile, kusukela ohlotsheni kanye nenani lemfucuza engalungiswa kuye emandleni kanye nesikhathi esidingekayo.
Funda ukuze uthole okwengeziwe mayelana nezinketho ezihlukahlukene ezitholakalayo.
Ukwelashwa kwebhayoloji ekulawulweni kukadoti okuqinile kuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinto eziphilayo ukucekela phansi imfucuza ebolayo ephilayo.
Izindlela ezehlukene yilezi:
Ubuchwepheshe bokwenza umquba yinqubo lapho imfucuza yezinto eziphilayo ibola khona yizinto ezincane ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwayo ukuze kukhiqizwe umkhiqizo ocebile ngezakhamzimba owaziwa ngokuthi umquba.
Lo mquba ungasetshenziswa njengesichibiyelo esihle kakhulu senhlabathi, uthuthukisa izinga lenhlabathi engaphezulu esetshenziselwa ukulima nokulima.
Ukwenza umquba kusiza ekudaleni umkhiqizo obalulekile ngemfucuza, kunciphisa inani lemfucuza eqondiswe ezindaweni zokulahla udoti zikamasipala , kunciphisa ingozi yezifo ezithwalwa yizinambuzane, kusiza ekulondolozweni kwemithombo yemvelo, futhi kungenye yamasu okuphatha imfucuza eqinile abaluleke kakhulu abonisa ukuguquguquka okukhulu ekusetshenzisweni.
Ukwenza umquba kungenye yamasu ambalwa okulawula udoti oqinile angasetshenziswa kumuntu ngamunye, emphakathini, nasezingeni ledolobha.
Izinqubo ezehlukene zokuhlanganisa indle zingasetshenziswa njengengxenye yamasu edolobha okulawula imfucuza eqinile, eyenziwa ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni nomthamo wemfucuza.
Selokhu kwaqalwa ukwenziwa komquba okuyimpoqo njengendlela yokulawula imfucuza emadolobheni amakhulu namadolobhana, abantu baye basebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe obulandelayo :
Izinzuzo kanye nobubi balezi zindlela zichazwe ngezansi:
Imigodi yendabuko cishe iyindlela yokuqala eyaziwayo yokwenza umquba eyenziwa njengengxenye yokulawulwa kwemfucuza eqinile.
Inzuzo enkulu yale ndlela ukuthi ayidingi ingqalasizinda kanye nezindleko ezincane.
Kodwa-ke, zidinga isikhala esiningi futhi zisebenzise ubungozi bokuthatha amaviki angama-2-3 ukubola.
Njengoba umphakathi ojwayelekile wezindlu okhiqiza imfucuza efinyelela ku-100 kgs nsuku zonke futhi ungenayo indawo eyisipele yokufaka umgodi womquba, ukusebenzisa le ndlela njengendlela yokulawula imfucuza edolobheni akwenzeki.
Kungase kwenzeke ezindaweni zasemakhaya lapho isikhala singesona isithiyo.
Okunye okungalungile okumbalwa okuhlanganisa ukwakheka kwephunga, ukudalwa kwe-leachate enobuthi, kanye nokwanda kokuhlasela kwezinambuzane, okuyizinye izinkinga okuvame ukuhlangatshezwana nazo phakathi nale nqubo.
Ukufaka umoya ngale migodi kudinga ukungenelela okwenziwa njalo, okuyinqubo enzima kakhulu.
Ukuwohloka okungaphelele ngenxa yamagciwane omdabu angasebenzi nakho kuyindaba okuvame ukubhekana nayo.
Ngomthamo omkhulu wemfucuza yezinto eziphilayo, inqubo ye-windrow ikhethwa, lapho imfucuza ihlanganiswe ngendlela yemigqa yezinqwaba ezinde.
Ubukhulu benqwaba buvamise ukugcinwa ku-4 kuya ku-6 wamafidi ukuphakama kanye nobubanzi obungu-14 kuya ku-16 wamafidi.
I-aeration inikezwa ngamapayipi aphuma umoya.
Ingasetshenziselwa ukuphatha imfucuza eqinile kamasipala ezingeni lasemaphandleni kanye nokwenza umquba wezinsalela zezolimo.
Inzuzo enkulu yale nqubo ukuthi ayidingi okokufaka okunemininingwane yengqalasizinda.
Izingqinamba zokuphatha kusalokhu zifana nalezo okubhekana nazo emigodini yokwenza umquba.
Le ndlela ibandakanya ukuhlanganisa umthamo omncane wemfucuza emthonjeni ngokwawo, ngokuvamile ezingeni lemizi noma lomphakathi wezindlu.
Ukuqoqwa kukadoti kanye nokwenza umquba kwenzeka emgqonyeni onezimbobo, okuvumela ukungena komoya.
Inani nosayizi wale migqomo kungandiswa kuye ngenani lemfucuza.
Kungase kudingeke ukuthi ziphendulwe ngesandla noma zize zifakwe injini ukuze zigumbuqele udoti lapho kudingeka.
Ngokulondolozwa komswakama ngendlela efanele kanye nokungenisa umoya, ukwenza umquba kuyindlela engabizi kakhulu futhi esebenziseka kalula yokulawulwa kwemfucuza eqinile yebhayoloji ezingeni lomphakathi.
Hlola umhlahlandlela wethu we-DIY wokwenza umquba ocebile ngezakhamzimba ekhaya!
Le ndlela ibandakanya ukufakwa komquba wemfucumfucu ngaphakathi komkhumbi ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwayo.
Kukhona ukuhlinzekwa okungcono kokuxuba, ukugeleza komoya, nokulawula izinga lokushisa, okusiza ekusheshiseni inqubo yokwenza umquba ngale ndlela.
Le ndlela ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukuphatha udoti oqinile ezingeni lomphakathi.
Imishini ye-Thermocomposting inikeza izinzuzo zokuqukatha okuphelele ngokomzimba uma kuqhathaniswa namabhodwe nemigodi.
Banciphisa ngokushesha okuqukethwe komswakama kudoti wezinto eziphilayo, ngaleyo ndlela babhekane nephunga kuyilapho bekhuthaza ukubola kwe-aerobic.
Uma kwenziwa endaweni, izindleko zokusebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe zehla kakhulu.
Okubi : Kubiza kakhulu.
Umquba ovela kule mishini uvame ukuba sezingeni eliphansi, ngakho-ke indlela yokwelapha (ehlala cishe isonto lonke) idinga ukuqashwa, okwandisa isikhathi sokucubungula cishe isonto.
Zijwayele ukuwohloka ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe ezishibhile.
Ngakho-ke, zidinga ukuseviswa njalo, ekugcineni zikhuphule izindleko zokufaka.
Izithiyo ezivame kakhulu okuhlangatshezwana nazo enqubweni yokwenza umquba ezisetshenziswa njengesu lokulawula imfucuza yilezi:
I-Vermicomposting yenziwa kusetshenziswa inhlanganisela yezikelemu zomhlaba kanye nama-microorganisms ukwehlisa udoti wemvelo ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwayo.
Le ndlela ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukuphatha udoti oqinile webhayoloji, okuhlanganisa ne-agro-waste.
Izikelemu zoMhlaba, eziphakeme kakhulu, zinamandla okugaya izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-lignocellulosic.
Indle ye-earthworm inale nto ephilayo ehlukaniswe yaba amafomu alula, okwenza kube lula ukuthi amagciwane aqhubeke ehlephula abe umquba.
Umkhiqizo wokugcina otholiwe yi-vermicompost yekhwalithi ephezulu.
Umphumela we-vermicompost ukuthi udinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela izimo zemvelo kanye nempahla yokudla.
Izikelemu ezeqile ezitholakala kule nqubo zingasetshenziswa njengokudla okunomsoco kwezinhlanzi.
I-Vermicompost isengenye yezindlela ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zokulawula imfucuza engadini nasekuphathweni kwezolimo namuhla.
Igama elithi "anaerobic digestion" ngokwalo lichaza ukuthi ukuwohloka kwe-microbial yemfucuza ebolayo kwenzeka lapho ungekho umoya-mpilo.
Lolu hlelo lwaziwa nangokuthi ukwakheka kwe-biogas noma i-bio-methanation , njengoba ukugaya okungena-aerobic kukhiqiza amagesi afana ne-methane ne-carbon dioxide njengemikhiqizo yalo yokugcina.
I-Methane iyigesi evuthayo eyigugu njengoba ingasetshenziswa njengomthombo wamandla ovuselelekayo.
Ukugaya i-Anaerobic kungenye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu zamasu okulawula udoti ngoba kuyisixazululo senkinga eqhubekayo yamandla emhlabeni jikelele.
Ukuhlehla okukhulu kokugaya ukudla kwe-anaerobic wutshalomali olukhulu kwingqalasizinda kanye nokuba yinkimbinkimbi kwenqubo.
Ukuguqulwa kwe-thermochemical inqubo yokuguqula imfucuza ye-lignocellulosic ibe umthombo wamandla ngokuyifaka ekwelashweni kokushisa.
Inzuzo yale ndlela yokulawula imfucuza ukungacaci kahle kwayo kwe-substrate.
Okubi ukutshalwa kwezimali okuphezulu kwengqalasizinda kanye nezindleko zamandla.
Izindlela ezivame kakhulu zokwelashwa kwe-thermochemical yilezi:
Ukugaywa kabusha kuyinqubo yokuguqula udoti ube yizinto zenani elivuselelwe, ukuvimbela ukumoswa kwezinto kanye nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa okungafanele kwezinto ezingavuthiwe, amandla, kanye nokungcola ngokunciphisa isidingo sokulahlwa kwemfucuza engaboli.
Ukugaywa kabusha kuyingxenye yokwehliswa kwemfucuza namuhla. Inezinzuzo eziningi zezomnotho nezemvelo.
Sengiphetha, Isu lokulawula imfucuza eqinile lingadinga ukubamba iqhaza kuzo zonke izingxenye zomphakathi.
Izinqubomgomo nemithetho ethuthukiswe uhulumeni kufanele yaziswe nomthelela wemvelo, wezezimali, kanye nomphakathi.
Ukubambisana ngokubambisana nezinkampani ezizimele nokuzinikeza izindima ezithile kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kwesistimu.
Ukwengeza, indima yezakhamizi kule nqubo inomthelela omkhulu ekuhlukaniseni nasekulahlweni kwemfucuza, okugcizelela ukubaluleka kokunciphisa, ukusetshenziswa kabusha, kanye nokukhetha imfucuza egaywe kabusha noma nini lapho kungenzeka.
Sineplanethi eyodwa, ukukhetha okukodwa, ithuba elilodwa.
