Amanzi angcolile avela kuma-ETP, ama-STP, kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlanzeka endaweni adinga ukwelashwa okuthembekile nokusebenzayo. I-Organica Biotech inikeza intuthuko ethuthukisiwe ukwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile izixazululo ezakhiwe nge-biotechnology, ukuqinisekisa ukukhishwa okuhlanzekile, ukuthobela imithetho, kanye nokusebenza okuzinzile kwezitshalo. Izixazululo zethu zifaka phakathi i-bioculture yokwelapha amanzi angcolile, amamojula amancane, kanye nokwakheka kwamagciwane okwenziwe ngokwezifiso kwezimboni nemiphakathi.
Ngobuchwepheshe obufakazelwe ku i-biotechnology yokwelashwa kwamanzi amdaka, sakha izingxube ezithile zamagciwane ezithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuwohloka futhi zisekele ukunciphisa okusheshayo kwe-COD/BOD. Lezi zinto ezintsha zisiza izimboni ukuthi zifinyelele ukuhambisana njalo, ngenkathi zithuthukisa ukuzinza kwenqubo iyonke futhi zinciphisa izinselele zokusebenza.
Njengoba isidingo samanzi ahlanzekile siqhubeka nokukhula, kusetshenziswa ukwelashwa kwamanzi amdaka futhi esimeme ukuphathwa kwamanzi amdaka imikhuba isibe yinto ebalulekile. Izixazululo zethu ezithuthukisiwe zamagciwane zisekela izimboni, omasipala, kanye nezindawo zokuhlala ezisebenza kahle futhi ezihlala isikhathi eside izixazululo zokuphathwa kwamanzi amdaka.
Ukwelashwa kwamanzi amdaka okuphumelelayo akuyona nje imfuneko yokuthobela imithetho kodwa futhi kunegalelo ekuvikelweni kwemvelo, ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwamanzi, kanye nokuphathwa kwezinsiza okusimeme.
Amanzi ahlanzekile angama-3% kuphela emhlabeni wonke, kanti angama-1.2% kuphela awo atholakala kubantu - okwenza ukwelashwa kwamanzi okuthuthukisiwe kubaluleke kakhulu esikhathini esizayo.
U-3% kuphela wamanzi omhlaba angamanzi ahlanzekile futhi kuwo, u-1.2% kuphela ongasetshenziswa njengamanzi okuphuza.
I-Organica Biotech inikeza izixazululo zesimanje zokwelashwa kwamanzi amdaka kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-Cleanmaxx® kanye ne-Bioclean®. Indlela yethu eqhutshwa ubuchwepheshe be-bio iqinisekisa imiphumela ethembekile yezimboni, izikhungo zezentengiselwano, kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlanzeka. I-bioculture yethu esebenza kahle kakhulu yokwelashwa kwamanzi amdaka kanye nezixazululo ezincane kusiza ukuxazulula izinkinga ezifana nemithwalo eguquguqukayo, iphunga elibi, ukunqwabelana kodaka, kanye nomsebenzi wezinto eziphilayo ongazinzile.
Ukuqina kwe-MLSS okuthuthukisiwe, iphunga elinciphile, kanye nokuhambisana okusheshayo nge-biotechnology yamagciwane.
Ukunciphisa okungcono kwe-COD/BOD kanye nokulinganisela kwezinto eziphilayo okuthuthukisiwe ezimbonini eziningi.
Isixazululo esisodwa se-biotech esiletha imiphumela elinganisekayo kuyo yonke imikhakha yobisi, indwangu, amakhemikhali kanye nokudla.
Ukwehla kodaka, izindleko zokulahla eziphansi, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezitshalo isikhathi eside.
Inqubo yokukhipha ukungcola emanzini angcolile noma angcolile ezimbonini kanye nokwenza ngcono izici ze-physicochemical kanye ne-biological zamanzi kusetshenziswa izinqubo ezihlukahlukene zomzimba, amakhemikhali, nezebhayoloji ezivumela ukuchithwa okuphephile kwamanzi asetshenzisiwe endaweni ezungezile noma ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwamanzi ngezinjongo zasekhaya noma zasezimbonini kwaziwa njengokuhlanza amanzi angcolile. Ukuhlanza amanzi angcolile kuvame ukwenziwa endaweni yokuhlanza indle emanzini endle kanye nesikhungo sokuhlanza ukungcola kwamanzi angcolile ezimbonini.
Ngokuya ngomthombo wendabuko, amanzi angcolile angahlukaniswa njengamanzi angcolile asekhaya, abuye aziwe ngokuthi amanzi angcolile, kanye namanzi angcolile ezimbonini, abuye aziwe njengamanzi angcolile.
Amanzi okukhucululwa kwendle ngokuvamile ahlanganisa uketshezi oluphuma endaweni yezindlu zangasese, ukupheka, ukugeza, ilondolo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwasekhaya okuvela ezindaweni zokuhlala, ezohwebo, noma zezikhungo. Amanzi aphuma ezinhlobonhlobo zezinqubo zokukhiqiza ezivela emikhakheni yezohwebo nezimboni aziwa ngokuthi amanzi angcolile ezimbonini noma ukungcola.
Ukuhlanza amanzi angcolile kuyinqubo esiza ukuhlanza amanzi angcolile ukuze abuyiselwe emjikelezweni wamanzi.
Izindlela eziningi ezahlukene zingasetshenziswa ukususa ukungcola, futhi uhlobo lwendlela esetshenziswayo luzoncika ohlotsheni nenani lokungcola elikhona.
Okuvame kakhulu izinhlobo zezitshalo zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile izindawo zokuhlanza ukungcola (ETP), izindawo zokukhuculula indle (STP), kanye nezitshalo ezijwayelekile nezihlanganisiwe zokuhlanza ukungcola (CETP).
Izitshalo zokuhlanza ukungcola (ETP) zivame ukusetshenziswa yizimboni ezinekhono eliphezulu lokukhiqiza, njengezimboni zendwangu, ezemithi, namakhemikhali, eziqukethe amanzi angcolile aphilayo noma angaphili noma inhlanganisela yakho kokubili ane-COD ephezulu, i-TDS, ne-pH eyeqisayo, okwenza amanzi angcolile abe nobuthi obukhulu.
Izitshalo zokukhuculula ukungcola ziyakhethwa futhi ziklanywe ngokohlobo nomthamo wamanzi angcolile avela ezimbonini.
Izitshalo zokuhlanza indle zisusa ukungcola emanzini afuywayo asekhaya, njengezindawo zokuhlala, izikhungo, izimboni zezivakashi, njll.
Ama-STP aqukethe amanzi angcolile anenani eliphezulu lezinto eziphilayo ezingaphathwa ngaphandle kobunzima obuningi.
Izitshalo ezijwayelekile zokuhlanza ukungcola (CETPs) ziklanyelwe ukwelapha amanzi angcolile avela ezimbonini ezincane ezihlukahlukene ezingakwazi ukwelapha ukungcola esizeni endaweni yokuhlanza ukungcola okujwayelekile.
Ama-CETP ajwayele ukwakhiwa ezindaweni zezimboni noma kuma-industrial development corporations (IDC).
Ukwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile kunezigaba ezi-3. Isigaba sokuqala siqukethe amasu ahlukahlukene okukhipha izinto ezinkulu eziqinile emanzini angenayo.
Ukuhlolwa kwebha kuhlunga noma iyiphi into enkulu eqinile njengokhuni, ipulasitiki, amanikiniki, njll.
Isicacisi esiyinhloko sivumela ukulungiswa kwezinto eziqinile ngokusebenzisa amandla adonsela phansi; ngezinye izikhathi, ama-coagulants nama-flocculants asetshenziselwa ukushona nokuxazulula izinto eziqinile ezincibilikisiwe. Ukwelashwa kwesibili kwamanzi angcolile (okwaziwa ngokujwayelekile ngokuthi i-biological wastewater treatment) ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi angcolile okuqondiswa yi-microbe okuvela kumchazi oyinhloko. Kubandakanya i-aerobic, ukwelashwa kwe-anaerobic, noma inhlanganisela yazo zombili izinqubo zokwelapha izinto eziphilayo emanzini angcolile ngokunciphisa i-COD, i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, njll. Isigaba esiphakeme yisigaba sokugcina sokuhlanzwa kwamanzi angcolile ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga lamanzi libe sezingeni elivumela ukuchithwa kwamanzi endaweni ezungezile noma ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwamanzi ahlanzekile. Kubandakanya izinqubo ezifana nokubulala amagciwane, ukuhlungwa kwe-membrane, ukuhlunga kwekhabhoni, njll.
Ama-microorganisms ayingxenye yokwelashwa kwesibili kwamanzi angcolile.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi bangabaxhumanisi ekonakalisweni kwezinto eziphilayo ezikhona emanzini angcolile.
Ekwelashweni kwamanzi angcolile, ama-microbes adla izinto eziphilayo ezikhona emanzini angcolile njengomthombo wokudla okuqukethe i-carbon, i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, nezinye izakhi ezibalulekile ukuze zikhule.
Ngokubuyisela emuva, baguqula ukungcola okunobuthi kakhulu benze izinto ezincane, ezingenabo ubuthi ezingakhishelwa endaweni ezungezile ngokuphephile.
Ukwelashwa kwesibili kwamanzi angcolile kudinga inhlanganisela yama-microorganisms ahlukene.
Amagciwane avame kakhulu ekuhlanzeni amanzi angcolile yizinhlobo ze-Bacillus ne-Pseudomonas.
Kunezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo ze-Bacillus, ezifana ne-B. licheniformis, B. subtilis, B. megaterium, B. pumilus, B. coagulans, njll., kuyilapho e-Pseudomonas, P. aeruginosa, P. putida, P. fluorescens, njll., izinhlobo ezingase zibe khona zalawa magciwane avame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ohlelweni lokwelapha amanzi angcolile.
Isisekelo samagciwane akhethelwa ukwelapha amanzi angcolile sincike kuphela emishinini yawo yofuzo kanye ne-enzymatic ewenza akwazi ukucekela phansi ama-substrates atholakala ezinhlotsheni ezithile zamanzi angcolile.
Ngaphandle kwalokhu, kukhona amafomu empilo ephakeme anjengama-ciliates okubhukuda mahhala, ama-ciliate acushiwe, ama-rotifers, nama-tardigrades esiza ekwakheni ama-bio-enzyme okwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile ngokudla amangqamuzana ebhaktheriya amahhala futhi asize ekugcineni ukugeleza okuhle ohlelweni lokuhlanza amanzi angcolile.
Inqubo ye-aerobic ihlanganisa isethi yama-microorganisms akhula kahle phambi komoya-mpilo.
Ukwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile ama-Anaerobic kuhlanganisa ama-microorganisms akhula lapho ungekho umoya-mpilo.
Kuyinqubo edla amandla amaningi njengoba isebenzisa ugesi oqhubekayo ukuze kungene umoya kanye nokuqapha imingcele yokufaka umoya.
Ngenxa yomsebenzi osheshayo we-microbial, isikhathi sokugcinwa kokucekelwa phansi kwemfucuza sincane kunesidingekayo ekwelapheni kwe-anaerobic.
Ukukhetha inqubo yokwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile e-biological embonini kusekelwe ezintweni ezihlukahlukene ezifana nalezi:
Embonini yokuhlanza amanzi angcolile, ngokuvamile, izinga le-DO eliphakathi kuka-1 kuya ku-2 mg/L liyagcinwa. Amazinga aphansi e-DO angakhinyabeza ukukhula kwamagciwane futhi ngaleyo ndlela anciphise ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa kwesitshalo sakho sokwelapha.
I-Biogas ikhiqizwa ngenxa yokuthi amabhaktheriya adiliza izinto eziphilayo lapho kungekho moya-mpilo. Le nqubo yaziwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi i-anaerobic digestion.
Uhlelo lokuhlanza amanzi angcolile lwebhayoloji lusebenzisa amabhaktheriya namanye amagciwane ukuhlanza amanzi. Lobu buchwepheshe busebenza ngempumelelo ekwelapheni amanzi angcoliswe ngezinto eziphilayo, njengendle.
Ukwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile ngebhayoloji kuyinqubo esebenzisa ama-microorganisms ukudiliza ukungcola emanzini angcolile. Le nqubo yakhelwe ukusiza ukwehlisa kufikela ku-80% wokungcola kumfucumfucu ngaphambi kokukhishwa.
Izinqubo zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile zisebenzisa okukodwa noma ngaphezulu kwalokhu okulandelayo: ukuhlukaniswa kwesigaba, njenge-sedimentation; izinqubo zebhayoloji nezamakhemikhali, njenge-oxidation; noma ukupholisha.
