Ukulawula Iphunga: Imfihlo Encane Eyaziwa Yokwelapha Amanzi Angcolile Ngempumelelo

Kwenzekani emanzini ageleza emfuleni ngemva kokuba usuqedile ukugeza, ukugeza izandla, ukuwasha, ukuwasha, nezitsha?

Futhi kwenzekani emanzini asetshenziswa ezimbonini, ezibhedlela, emahhovisi, ngisho nasekulimeni ngemva kokuba eseyifezile injongo yawo?

La manzi anamakhemikhali (asuka odayi, ezindleleni zezokwelapha, insipho, nezihlanzi), amagciwane, ubuthi, imfucumfucu yabantu, nokunye ukungcola, futhi angalimaza ibhalansi yemvelo uma ekhishelwa endaweni ezungezile.

Lawa manzi adinga ukungeniswa emanzini emvelo njengamanzi, kodwa ngemva kwalokho ukwelashwa endaweni yokuhlanza amanzi angcolile.

Nakuba amanzi asezindaweni zamanzi emvelo njengamachibi, amachibi, nemifula engeyona neze into emsulwa, amanzi angcolile angakahlanzwa akufanele akhishelwe ku-ecosystem njengoba engcolisiwe futhi azongcolisa amanzi angaphezulu noma amanzi angaphansi komhlaba futhi azolimaza noma abulale uhlaza nezilwane ezizungezile noma ngaphakathi kwamanzi.

Futhi uma ungumlandeli omkhulu wamahlaya amaqhawe, umane wazi ukuthi ukukhulula amanzi angcolile emithonjeni yamanzi yemvelo yindlela odala ngayo i-supervillain ekhohlakele engenakuhlulwa.

Ukwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile kubalulekile ukuze kuqedwe noma kunqandwe ukungcoliswa kwamanzi.

Futhi ukuvimbela ama-supervillains amabi ukuthi athathe isimo.

Ukungcoliswa kwezimboni kanye nepayipi lendle yizizathu ezimbili eziyinhloko zokungcoliswa kwamanzi.

Ukwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile kuqinisekisa ukuthi amanzi angcolile awangeni ku-ecosystem.

Ngokombiko wango-2024 we-UN-Water, emazweni abika izibalo zamanzi angcolile, amaphesenti angama-38 kuphela amanzi angcolile ezimbonini ayahlanzwa, futhi angama-27% kuphela alashwa ngokuphephile, okugqamisa isidingo esicindezelayo sokuthuthukiswa kokulawulwa kwamanzi angcolile emhlabeni jikelele. 

Nakuba imithombo yamanzi ahlanzekile iphelelwa ngamandla ngesivinini esishaqisayo, kuwukuhlakanipha ukushintshela emanzini angcolile ahlanzekile ngezinjongo ezingancikile ngempela emanzini ahlanzekile.

Amanzi angcolile aphathwe kahle awanawo amagciwane noma izakhi zamakhemikhali ezingaba yingozi empilweni yezilwane noma ezitshalweni ezizungezile noma ngaphakathi emanzini futhi zingasetshenziselwa izinjongo ezingasetshenzisiwe, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ubunzima bemithombo yamanzi ahlanzekile.

Isikhungo sokuhlanza amanzi angcolile sisebenza ngokukhipha ukungcola nokungcola emanzini angcolile akhiqizwa ngenxa yemisebenzi yezimboni, ezentengiselwano, ezolimo, nezasekhaya ukuze amanzi ahlanzekile abuyiselwe ohlelweni lwendalo.

Ngochungechunge lwezinqubo ze-physio-chemical, izinto eziphilayo emanzini angcolile ziyaphulwa, futhi ukungcola kuyasuswa emanzini.

Ukulingisa indlela yemvelo yakho ukuhlanza amanzi angcolile ngosizo lwamagciwane amancane, izinqubo zezinto eziphilayo zihilela ukwengeza ama-microorganisms anenzuzo emanzini angcolile ukuze abole ingxenye ephilayo ngaphambi kokuba amanzi akhishelwe emanzini.

Imfucumfucu yasezimbonini emanzini angcolile iqukethe ubuthi namakhemikhali amaningi, futhi lapho lezi zihlangana nendle, zikhipha iphunga elibi.

Iphunga lingase futhi liphume ekuboleni kwe-anaerobic ye-organic matter emanzini angcolile.

IHydrogen sulfide ikhiqizwa ngokwemvelo lapho ukubola kwe-anaerobic kwenzeka, futhi ikhipha iphunga elibi kakhulu, elifana namaqanda abolile.

Idedelwa emkhathini ngokushesha njengoba inokuncibilika okuncane kakhulu kwamanzi futhi isakazekela ezindaweni ezizungezile.

Ngaphandle kwalokho, imvelo yokugqwala ye-H2S iphinde isebenzise izikweletu zokulungisa ezindaweni zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile.

Kungase futhi kube nephunga le-ammonia noma elinye iphunga elimnandi elifana nelikagalikhi, futhi leli phunga liya ngokuya lishube uma isimo sezulu sishisa kakhulu.

I-Mercaptans nama-amine akhona emanzini angcolile ayizinhlanganisela eziphilayo eziqukethe i-nitrogen nesulfure futhi akhipha iphunga elinamandla elitholwa ikhala lomuntu ngisho nalapho ukugxila kwawo kuphansi kakhulu.

Kukhona namagesi ancibilika emanzini kanye nodaka olungeza iphunga.

INKUNGU (amafutha, amafutha, amafutha) emanzini angcolile iphinde ihlangane nendle nokunye ukungcola emanzini, ikhiphe iphunga elibi.

Ukugcina iphunga lihlanzekile ezindaweni zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile kuyinselele, kodwa kuyadingeka ngempela njengoba iphunga elibi lingaphazamisa ukusebenza kwesitshalo.

Uma ingalawuleki, lawa maphunga athinta impilo yezisebenzi nokwaneliseka komsebenzi futhi, kuye ngokuthi isiqondiso kanye nesivinini somoya, azulazule aye endaweni ezungezile futhi abe umthombo wezikhalazo ezivela ezindaweni ezingomakhelwane, okungase kuthinte isithunzi sesikhungo.

Ukuze kunqandwe lawa phunga, ezinye izindawo zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile zivala indishi noma ithange lokuhlanza ngokuphelele, zisebenzisa amakhava ezinga lemboni.

Ezinye izitshalo zengeza amakhemikhali emanzini angcolile ukuze asebenze odabeni olubangela iphunga.

Akukhona nje ukuthi lokhu kuyabiza, kodwa amakhemikhali asetshenziswa angase abe yingozi emvelweni, futhi.

Intuthuko yakamuva kubuchwepheshe bokuhlanza amanzi angcolile, njengama-membrane bioreactors kanye ne-nanotechnology, ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokususa ukungcola, okwenza inqubo isimeme futhi ingabizi kakhulu.

Umthamo wamagciwane ungabizi futhi indlela yokwelapha amanzi angcolile esebenzayo.

Ama-microorganisms adlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlanzeni nasekuhlanzeni amanzi angcolile futhi awenze afanelekele ukukhishelwa endaweni ezungezile.

Ukwelapha ngamabhaktheriya afanelekile kunganciphisa ukwakheka kwephunga ezindaweni zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile kakhulu.

Amabhaktheriya anciphisa i-BOD (isidingo se-oksijini yezinto eziphilayo), i-COD (isidingo samakhemikhali womoya-mpilo), kanye I-TSS (ingqikithi yezinto eziqinile ezimisiwe) futhi iphinde yephule izinto eziphilayo khona kanye emthonjeni, okuvumela ukwakheka okuncane noma ukungabikho nhlobo kwephunga.

Kubalulekile ukwengeza uhlobo olulungile lwamabhaktheriya anezakhiwo ezifanele ze-metabolic ukuze akwazi ukucekela phansi udaka nezinto eziphilayo.

• I-Bioclean iyisisombululo sethu se-microbial bioremediation sokwelashwa kwe-aerobic emanzini angcolile. Amagciwane aku-Bioclean aqinisekisa isinyathelo esisheshayo ngokumelene nezinto ezibolayo futhi anciphisa kakhulu i-COD/BOD. I-Bioclean iphinde yehlise umbala nephunga lamanzi angcolile ahlanziwe futhi ingasetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezimboni kuzo zonke izinqubo zokukhula ezimisiwe.
• Cleanmaxx FOG, okuhlukile okukhethwe ngokucophelela kwe-Bioclean, iyisixazululo esisebenzayo sezitshalo zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile ukuze kunqandwe iphunga elingemnandi. Ihlanganisa inhlanganisela eklanywe ngokukhethekile yama-microorganisms akhiqiza ama-enzyme aphezulu asebenza emafutheni, uwoyela, namafutha ohlelweni futhi alulaze ngokuphelele, ngaleyo ndlela avimbele ukunqwabelana nokwakheka kwephunga.
• I-Cleanmaxx STP, enye inhlanganisela yezinhlobo zemvelo ezikhethwe ngokucophelela zamagciwane, yehlisa izinto eziphilayo eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokuphelele futhi inciphise umthamo wodaka, iqede ngokuphelele ithuba lokwakheka kwe-H2S. Isheshisa inqubo yokuhlaliswa kwe-biomass emanzini angcolile futhi iphinde icindezele amagciwane emanzini angcolile. Ukulawulwa okuphelele kwephunga nakho kwenzeka ngoba i-fecal coliform iyancishiswa ngokusetshenziswa kwe-Cleanmaxx STP.

Ukuhlanza amanzi angcolile kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi kufanele ihambisane nokuthobela okuningi.

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali akuphumeleli ekususeni iphunga eliwumphumela wenqubo ngokuphelele, kodwa ukubhekana nodaba khona kanye emthonjeni ngesixazululo esifanele kungaqeda iphunga elibi kanye nesidingo sokwengeza amakhemikhali ayingozi emanzini angcolile awenza abe yingozi endaweni ezungezile.

Sekuyisikhathi sokuthi siphendukele emvelweni futhi sifunde ukuthi isebenza kanjani ukulungisa izinto ngaphandle kokulimaza noma yiziphi izidalwa zayo, ezinkulu noma ezincane.