I-Aquaculture namuhla ingelinye lanegalelo elikhulu ekukhiqizweni kokudla emhlabeni wonke. Izibalo ziphinde ziphakamise ukuthi i-aquaculture iwumkhakha okhula ngokushesha uma uqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlelo zokukhiqiza ukudla.
NgokoMnyango Wezokudoba e-Bangladesh, inani eliphelele lokukhiqizwa kwezinhlanzi ngo-2019-2020 lalingamathani angu-4.23 wezigidigidi, lapho amathani ayizigidi ezingu-2.14 avela emanzini.
Ukuze kulingane nesidingo, izindlela zokukhiqiza i-aquaculture ziye zaqina ngokuhamba kweminyaka.
Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi elwa namagciwane ukuze kukhuliswe ukukhiqizwa kube yinto ekhathaza kakhulu, njengoba cishe ama-70-80% ama-antibiotic asetshenziselwa le njongo awabantu.
Lokhu akugcini nje ngokuholela ekuwohlokeni kwemithombo yamanzi kodwa futhi kudala ukungalingani ku-gut microbiota, okubuye kunciphise ukuvikeleka kwemvelo kwezinhlanzi ezifuywayo. Lokhu kuzogcina kuyingozi empilweni yabathengi.
Ama-probiotics amangqamuzana e-microbial aphilayo asiza ukuthuthukisa izinga lokugonywa kwemvelo futhi abe nomthelela omuhle ekukhuleni nasekuzaleni kwezinhlanzi.
Ama-probiotics e-aquaculture angaqeda ukuncika kuma-antibiotics, agxile kakhulu ekugcineni nasekuthuthukiseni ikhwalithi yendawo yokukhulisa nokuvikela izinhlanzi ezingozini zezinto eziphilayo. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-probiotics kwe-aquaculture kungaqhuba imikhuba esimeme ye-aquaculture.
Ama-probiotics e-aquaculture asiza ukukhiqizwa kwama-enzyme ukuze agaye ukudla okungcono futhi alungise amasosha omzimba ukuze alwe namagciwane e-pathogenic. Ibamba amathumbu, ivimbele ukuhlangana kwamabhaktheriya e-pathogenic. Ama-probiotic organisms adla zonke izakhi ezidingekayo, angashiyi lutho ukuze amagciwane aphile.
Kuyadingeka futhi ukusebenzisa ama-probiotics afanelekile ezinhlanzi zasemanzini kuye ngohlobo lwezinhlanzi nobukhulu. I-probiotic ingenziwa yodwa noma ihlanganiswe yohlobo oluthile.
Izinzuzo zama-probiotics ezinhlanzi e-aquaculture zifakazela ukuthi ziyindlela ehlukile yama-antibiotics namakhemikhali.
Thina kwa-Organica Biotech singabashintshi begeyimu yakho. Uhlu lwethu lwama-probiotics luwukusebenzelana okuyinkimbinkimbi kwamagciwane nama-enzyme athuthukisa izimo zokukhulisa futhi akhuphule izinga lezempilo nokukhula.
Izixazululo zethu zingasetshenziswa ekulimeni izimfanzi, izimbaza, izinhlanzi, nezitshalo zasemanzini. Ukwakheka kwethu okudizayinelwe-uhlelo lokusebenza kuvimbela ukuqhakaza kwe-algal futhi kusize ukuwohloka okusheshayo kwe-ammonia nokunye udoti wemvelo.
Uhla lwethu lwemikhiqizo ye-Aquaculture luhlanganisa:
- I-BioClean® I-Aqua: I-BioClean® Aqua bioremediate ichibi lezimfanzi zengwe ngokusheshisa ukubola kwezinhlanganisela eziphilayo, ivimbele ukunqwabelana kwe-ammonia ne-hydrogen sulphide.
- I-BioClean® I-Aqua Plus: I-Penaeus vannamei igcwele futhi ikhule ngokuminyana okuphezulu kakhulu emachibini nasemathangeni. I-BioClean Aqua Plus isebenza njengokuthuthukisa ukuminyana kwabo okwandayo ngokwakha indawo esimeme nokuvimbela ukusabalala kwamagciwane e-pathogenic.
- I-BioClean® Aqua Hatchery: Lena enye yama-probiotics abaluleke kakhulu e-aquaculture njengoba igcina indawo efanele yokutshala izimfanzi e-nauplii, zooea, kanye nezigaba ze-mysis. Ivimbela ukuphuma kwephunga kanye nobuthi bezibungu.
- I-Biogut Aqua: Kuyi-probiotic e-aquaculture equkethe amagciwane anobungane akhuthaza ukugayeka kokudla okusheshayo ezilwaneni zasemanzini. Iphinde ikhulise ukuzivikela komzimba.
- I-BioClean® I-Aqua Fish: I-BioClean® Aqua Fish inciphisa izinga elincibilikisiwe lama-nitrate nama-phosphates, ithuthukise izinga lamanzi emachibini ezinhlanzi, okuzobuyisela usayizi wezinhlanzi futhi kukhuthaze ama-gill anempilo.
- I-Biflok: I-Biflok iyasiza ekwakhiweni kwe-floc okuthuthukisiwe phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-3-4. Kuholela ekukhuleni kwesisindo somzimba wezinhlanzi nezimfanzi kanye nokugcina izinga lamanzi.
Uhlu lwethu lwama-Probiotics emkhakheni we-aquaculture alunamithi elwa namagciwane yi-Coastal Aquaculture Authority -India.
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Ama-probiotics ezinhlanzi e-aquaculture yiqembu lama-microorganisms anenzuzo anomthelela omuhle ekugomeni nasekukhiqizeni izinto eziphilayo zasemanzini. Ithuthukisa ibhalansi ye-microbial yamathumbu ezinto eziphila emanzini futhi inikeza izinzuzo eziningi.
Ama-probiotics ezinhlanzi angase futhi asebenze njengenhlabathi yemvelo yemvelo kanye nezipholile zamanzi (Ngokuya ngemishini yazo ye-enzyme) futhi asize ukuhlanza amanzi lapho kuhlala khona izinhlanzi.
Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zama-microorganisms asetshenziswa njengama-probiotics e-aquaculture yi-Bacillus sp., Lactobacillus sp., Bifidobacterium, Enterococcus sp., Saccharomyces, njll.
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Ama-probiotics e-aquaculture ayiqembu lamagciwane azuzisa izinto eziphilayo zasemanzini ngokwenza ngcono i-gut microflora yezinto eziphila emanzini ngokufaka amagciwane ayingozi esikhundleni samagciwane anempilo ahlala emathunjini.
Bakha ubudlelwano bemvelo be-symbiotic nomsingathi wabo. Ama-probiotics anikezwa njengokuphakela kwamanzi okungasebenza njengomthombo wezakhi kanye nama-enzyme angasiza ekugayeni kangcono kokudla.
Ama-probiotics okulima izinhlanzi ze-biofloc athuthukisa amasosha omzimba ezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini ngokwenza amasosha omzimba angaqondile, aqinise ukuzivikela ezifweni eziningi.
Ama-probiotics ezinhlanzi ancintisana namagciwane atholakala emathunjini abamba iqhaza, anciphise ukufinyelela kwawo ekudleni kanye nekoloni.
Baphinde bakhiqize ama-antibiotics kanye namanye ama-metabolites e-antibacterial asiza ekwehliseni inani labantu be-pathogen, okusiza ekuvikeleni izinto eziphilayo eziphethe izifo ezihlukahlukene ezithathelwanayo.
Ama-probiotics ezinhlanzi akhiqiza ama-enzyme ahlukahlukene awusizo njengama-amylases, ama-proteases, nama-lipase asiza ukuthuthukisa ukugaya kanye nokuthathwa kwezakhi zomzimba womuntu ophethe.
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Ama-probiotics e-aquaculture aziwa ngezinzuzo zawo eziningi ezihlukahlukene, njengokuthuthukisa ukungatheleleki kwezidalwa eziphilayo, ukuthuthukisa amandla azo okugaya, ukuthuthukisa i-flora yamathumbu ezidalwa eziphilayo, nokuqeda amagciwane abangela izifo.
Ubuchwepheshe be-Biofloc busebenzisa amagciwane ezicini ezimbili: ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yamanzi nokuba umthombo wokuphakela kwezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini.
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Ngaphandle kokuthuthukisa impilo kanye nekhwalithi yezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini, ama-probiotics ezinhlanzi nawo athuthukisa izinga lamanzi ezinhlelweni ze-aquaculture.
Ngesikhathi sokukhula kwezinhlanzi, kukhona ukukhuphuka kokugcwala kwe-nitrogen, izinto eziphilayo, nezinye izakhi ethangini.
Ama-probiotics ekufuyweni kwezinhlanzi adla izinto eziphilayo, futhi ngemisoco ene-carbon ecebile, asiza ukugcina isilinganiso se-C: N nokunciphisa ukugxila kwe-nitrogen.
Ukugcinwa komsoco ngaphansi komkhawulo kusiza ekuvimbeleni ukukhula kolwelwe oluyingozi ngaphakathi kwethangi.
Lawa ma-probiotic microbe enza ama-biofloc ngaphakathi kwethangi futhi abambe i-organic material emisiwe elenga, ngaleyo ndlela ehlise ukuxubha kwamanzi futhi agcine ithangi lamanzi lihlanzekile.
Ukungena kokukhanya kwelanga emanzini nakho kusiza ekugcineni umthamo we-pathogen emanzini ulungile.
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Izinhlanzi noma izimfanzi zichitha isikhathi sezibungu zokuphila kwazo ezindaweni zokuchanyuselwa, okuyisigaba esibucayi kakhulu somjikelezo wazo wokukhula. Izibungu zinesimiso sokugaya ukudla esingathuthukisiwe kanye ne-microflora yamathumbu, futhi azinawo amasosha omzimba asebenza ngokugcwele kanye nesistimu ye-osmotic.
Kulezi zimo, kuba nzima kakhulu ukubhekana nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokucindezeleka ngokomzimba, kwamakhemikhali, noma kwemvelo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-probiotics ekuzalweni kwezinhlanzi kusiza izigaba ze-larval ukubhekana nezimo ezinjalo zokucindezeleka ngokuthuthukisa ukuphendula kwamasosha omzimba, ukugcina izinga lamanzi, nokunciphisa izifo ezibangelwa izifo ezivela ohlelweni.
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Ama-probiotics ezinhlanzi akhiqiza ama-metabolites athile e-antibacterial ngokumelene namagciwane, anciphisa inani lawo ngokuncintisana kwemvelo.
Ama-probiotics ancintisana ngokudla, futhi ukunamathela kwawo odongeni lwamathumbu akuvumeli amagciwane ukuthi athole ukunikezwa kwezakhi noma ukoloni emathunjini omninikhaya.
Ukuzivikela okuthuthukisiwe njalo kusiza ekuphatheni amagciwane abangela izifo, futhi ama-probiotics avuselela ukuzivikela okungokwemvelo kwezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini, okwenza kube nokusabela ngokushesha kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesifo.
Bona imiphumela emapulazini asebenzayo e- Ucwaningo lwe-tilapia yaseThailand, lapho ikhwalithi yamanzi kanye nempilo yezinhlanzi kokubili kwathuthuka khona.
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Ama-probiotics ezinhlanzi ahlanganisa amathumbu amathumbu ezinto eziphila emanzini futhi akhiphe ama-enzyme amaningana anenzuzo njengama-amylase, ama-protease, nama-lipase. Lawa ma-enzyme athuthukisa umthamo wokugaya wento ephilayo.
Lawa ma-enzyme asiza ekuqhekekeni okusebenzayo kokuphakelayo kanye nokugcinwa okungcono kwemisoco ezinto eziphilayo ezisingatha, okuqinisekisa isilinganiso esingcono sokuguqulwa kokuphakelayo.
Lokhu, futhi, kuthuthukisa ukungatheleleki, ukukhiqiza, futhi, ngakho-ke, inzuzo. Ama-probiotics ezinhlanzi anomthelela onezici eziningi kwezomnotho we-aquaculture.
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Ezinhlelweni eziningi ze-aquaculture, ama-hatcheries asebenzisa imbewu esondelene kakhulu ukuthola umkhiqizo ophezulu. Lokhu kutshala okunomthamo omkhulu kudala ingcindezi ezibungwini nasekudobeni.
Izimo ezinjalo ezicindezelayo zingaholela ezinguqukweni ezihlukahlukene ezingokwengqondo nezokuziphatha ezilwaneni zasemanzini, ukusetshenziswa kokudla, izinguquko zamahomoni, nokucindezeleka kokuzivikela komzimba.
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-probiotics wamanzi emanzini njengesengezo sokudla kusiza izinhlanzi ukuthi zikwazi ukubhekana nezimo ezinjalo zokucindezeleka futhi zithuthukise isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni, ukuvimbela izifo kanye nokunciphisa ukufa kwabantu ekuzalweni.
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Ubuchwepheshe be-Biofloc buyindlela evumelana nemvelo ye-aquaculture lapho izinto eziphilayo zasemanzini zitshalwa ohlelweni oluvalekile olunomsoco owanele kanye nomoya-mpilo.
Lobu buchwepheshe buncike kakhulu kuma-microorganisms ukuze kugcinwe izinga lamanzi ngokusebenzisa i-nitrogen ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi sosiko lwezinhlanzi kanye nokwakhiwa kwama-microbial flocs angasetshenziswa njengokudla kwamaprotheni yizinhlanzi nezimfanzi.
Kuwubuchwepheshe obuqhubekayo bemvelo njengoba kuvimbela ukuchithwa kwamanzi aqukethe imisoco eningi noma amagciwane emzimbeni wamanzi wemvelo.
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Ubuchwepheshe be-Biofloc buvumela ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwamanzi njengoba izinga lamanzi ethangini ligcinwa ama-bacterial flocs esebenzisa i-nitrogen etholakalayo ukuze akhule futhi akhiqize, futhi akhe ama-flocs. Lokhu kunenzuzo enkulu kwezomnotho njengoba ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kuyindaba ebizayo.
Ukukhulisa izinto eziphilayo zasemanzini ngobuchwepheshe be-biofloc kubangela usayizi othuthukisiwe kanye nesisindo sezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini, okunikeza imbuyiselo ephezulu emikhiqizweni. Okwesithathu, ukuvinjelwa kwezifo kuvimbela ukulahlekelwa okukhulu ngenxa yokufa noma izinto eziphilayo ezikhula kabi zasemanzini.
Futhi kunciphisa isidingo sama-antibiotics, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise ukonga. Kubikwa ukuthi cishe u-25 kuya ku-30% wokudla kwezinhlanzi kungaba ama-bioflocs akheke emathangeni, okunciphisa isidingo sokuphakelwa kwezinhlanzi.
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Ubuchwepheshe be-Biofloc bunikeza isixazululo ekukhathazekeni kwemvelo okubangelwa ukufuywa kwezilwane zasemanzini. Ama-microorganisms ohlelweni oluvalekile adla i-nitrogen enqwabelene ethangini kanye nomthombo wekhabhoni owengezwe kusistimu ukuze ikhule futhi iphindaphindeke.
Lokhu kuvumela ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwamanzi ethangini futhi kuqede ukushintshana kwamanzi ukuze kulinganiswe amazinga e-nitrogen ethangini. Ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwamanzi kulobu buchwepheshe kunciphisa umthwalo emanzini ahlanzekile kanye nokuchithwa kwamanzi amaningi ngenxa yokushintshaniswa kwamanzi.
Ukuhwebelana kwamanzi emfuyweni yasemanzini yendabuko kuholela ekukhishweni kokugxila okuphezulu kwe-nitrogen emanzini okuholela eutrophication.
Hhayi lokhu kuphela, ukusetshenziswa okuncishisiwe kwemithi elwa namagciwane kunciphisa amazinga okungcola afakwa yilawa makhemikhali emithonjeni yethu yamanzi.
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Izidingo eziyisisekelo zokukhula kwe-algae ukukhanya kwelanga, i-nitrogen, ne-phosphorus njengomthombo wezakhi. Ohlelweni lwe-aquaculture, amanzi asetshenzisiwe adedelwa emifuleni, emachibini, emachibini nakwezinye izindawo zamanzi.
Lokhu kwengeza izinto eziphilayo, ukugxila kwezakhi, kanye namagciwane kule mizila yamanzi, okwenza izimo ezikahle zokukhula kolwelwe futhi okuholela eutrophication enzima. Ubuchwepheshe be-Biofloc buvumela ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwamanzi kanye nokukhishwa kwamanzi okuncane.
Ngakho-ke, ukukhawulela ukwethulwa kwezakhamzimba emanzini emvelo kuvimbela ukuqhakaza kwe-algal kule mizi yamanzi. Ama-probiotics okulima izinhlanzi ze-biofloc asetshenziswa kubuchwepheshe be-biofloc, ngakho-ke, angaba nomthelela ohlala njalo ekuvimbeleni ukuqhakaza kwe-algal.
