Yintoni i-Aquaculture kwaye kutheni ibalulekile?

I-aquaculture ingachazwa njengenkqubo yokulima, ukuzala, kunye nokuvuna izinto eziphilayo zasemanzini ezahlukeneyo, ingakumbi iintlanzi, ukuze zisetyenziswe ngabantu.

Ekwabizwa ngokuba kukufuya iintlanzi, imveliso yasemanzini inokuqhutywa kwindawo elawulwayo yasemanzini, efana namanzi olwandle, imilambo yamanzi acwengileyo, amachibi, amachibi, kunye namatanki.

Ngokunyuka kwabemi, impilo-ntle yezoqoqosho, kunye nokufudukela kwabantu ezidolophini ngokukhawuleza kwihlabathi jikelele, imfuno yokutya iye yanda kakhulu.

Ngokwengxelo ye-Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) ka-2024, imveliso yezolimo zasemanzini kwihlabathi liphela idlule kwiitoni ezingama-90 ezigidi, nto leyo enegalelo elikhulu kukhuseleko lokutya kunye neendlela zokuphila.

Intlanzi, eyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokutya kwabantu emhlabeni wonke, ingundoqo kukhuseleko lokutya kwixesha elizayo.

Ngumthombo wezondlo obalulekileyo kubantu abakumazwe asakhasayo ngokunjalo.

Njengoko ushishino lokuloba ngokwemveli kunye nendalo luye lwaxhatshazwa ngokupheleleyo okanye luxhatshazwa ngokugqithisileyo kwihlabathi jikelele, i-aquaculture iya kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuhlangabezaneni nemfuno yeentlanzi.

Ngokwezibalo, ngo- 2030, ama-62% eentlanzi zaselwandle ziya kuveliswa ngokusebenzisa ukulima amachibi ukuze zityiwe ngabantu.

Nangona kunjalo, uzinzo luhlala lungumceli mngeni, kunye neenkxalabo ezikhulayo malunga nokutshatyalaliswa kwendawo yokuhlala, ukusetyenziswa kwe-antibiotics, kunye neempembelelo zokutshintsha kwemozulu ekufuyweni kweentlanzi.

Izinto ezintsha ezifana ne-multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) kunye ne-recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) zifumana amandla njengezisombululo zokwenza ukufuywa kweentlanzi kuzinzile.

Kukho iindidi ngeendidi zokufuya zasemanzini ezenziwayo, ezixhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nenjongo yokulima, ubuchule bokusebenza, kunye neempawu ze-hydrobiological.

Ukufuya iintlanzi lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo lwenkqubo yasemanzini, eyenziwa ngabantu abaninzi kulo lonke elaseIndiya nakwihlabathi liphela.

Ijolise ekukhuliseni iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeentlanzi, kuquka i-tilapia, kunye ne-crustaceans, ukuze zisetyenziswe ngabantu.

Ngokubanzi, imveliso yentlanzi inezigaba ezine: ukuqandusela, iifeed Mills, ifama, kunye neprosesa.

Kwinqanaba lokuqala, ukuqanduselwa kwamaqanda nokufuywa kweentlanzi kwenzeka.

Emva kokuba zivuthiwe, zithwalwa zisiwe kwiifama apho zikhuliswa khona kusetyenziswa ukutya.

Linqanaba lesibini kunye nelesithathu lokusila kunye nefama.

Kwinqanaba lokugqibela, ukutya kuyapakishwa kwaye kuthengiswe kwiimarike.

Iinzuzo zokufuya emanzini

Izibonelelo zoqoqosho 

Intlanzi kunye nokutya kwaselwandle yimithombo emihle kakhulu yeprotheyini.

I-aquaculture ibe negalelo ekwandiseni imveliso yeentlanzi, kwaye iye yavela njengowona mthombo wokutya ongomnye kwabaninzi.

Ngaphezu koko, yenza ukutya kwaselwandle kufikeleleke kwaye kufikeleleke kubo bonke.

Ekubeni ixabiso eliphantsi xa lithelekiswa nezinye iimveliso zokutya, ukutya kwentlanzi kukhethwa ngabantu abafumana imivuzo ephantsi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi.

Ngumthombo omkhulu wengeniso kubantu abakumazwe asakhasayo.

Idale izigidi zamathuba emisebenzi kubalimi beentlanzi, abathengisi beentlanzi, kunye nabathumela ngaphandle.

Kwabaninzi, i-aquaculture isebenza njengomthombo wesibini wengeniso nayo, njengoko ingadli ixesha kwaye inobungozi njengokuloba.

IiNzuzo zokusiNgqongileyo

Ukuloba ngokugqithisileyo kubangele umonakalo omkhulu kwindalo esingqongileyo.

Ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwee-bottom trawlers kubangela umonakalo kwamanye amashishini okuloba.

Ukongezelela, yindlela yokuloba engazinzanga eyenzakalisa imekobume yaselwandle ngokonakalisa umgangatho wolwandle kunye negalelo ekulobeni ngokugqithisileyo.

Kwelinye icala, i-aquaculture inceda ekulinyweni kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo ngendlela ezinzileyo.

Ivumela abalimi beentlanzi ukuba balime uhlobo olufanayo ekuthinjweni, kunye nabemi basendle ukuba bahlaziye kwaye bazalise.

Ngokwezifundo, i-aquaculture ayifaki mngcipheko mkhulu kokusingqongileyo.

Iinkqubo ze-aquaculture zinokusebenzisa amanzi emvula, amanzi angaphezulu, kunye nokuhamba kwamanzi avuniweyo, kwaye ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswe ukuxhomekeka kwabo kweminye imithombo yamanzi.

Ukusebenza okuphezulu kunye nokuNyuswa kweMveliso

Kukholelwa ukuba iintlanzi ziguqula ukutya kube yiprotheyini ngokukhawuleza nangempumelelo kunezinye iinkomo.

Ngoko ke, kuluncedo ngakumbi ukuba amashishini abandakanyeke kwimveliso yentlanzi ngokusebenzisa i-aquaculture.

Nangona kufuneka ukutya okuncinci, ngamanye amaxesha kubalula kakhulu ukuba abalimi beentlanzi bachithe imali kuko.

Ngaphezu koko, ukutya okushiyekileyo kusebenza njengongcoliseko kwaye kuphazamisa inkqubo yendalo yasemanzini.

Omnye wemingeni ephambili ekufuyweni kweentlanzi kukusasazeka kwezifo.

Kwakhona, ngokukhula kwemfuno yeentlanzi, iindlela ezizinzileyo ziyafuneka.

Ngombulelo, kukho iindlela ezingcono zendalo kunye nebhayoloji yokulima emanzini kunye nezisombululo zokwandisa imveliso, ukunganyangeki kwezifo, kunye nokonga iindleko.

I-Biofloc System yenye yeendlela ezisakhulayo zolondolozo lwaselwandle.

Iyakwazi kakhulu ukubonelela ngesondlo, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, iphatha ngokufanelekileyo inkunkuma yokutya.

Inceda ekulawuleni izifo kunye neziphumo probiotic ngokunjalo.

I-Organica Biotech yenye yeenkampani eziphambili ezinezisombululo ezininzi zeprobiotic zokulima aquaculture.

I-Bioflok yindlela yokwenza i-probiotic eqokelelweyo esetyenziswa kwinkqubo ye-biofloc.

Iqukethe iibhaktheriya ze-probiotic ezikhuthaza ukukhuseleka, ukuphucula amandla okugaya, kunye nokuphelisa izifo ezibangela izifo kwiintlanzi.

Ingasetyenziselwa ukunyusa imveliso yenkqubo yasemanzini ngaphandle kokuchaphazela okusingqongileyo.