Iintsholongwane: Iikhemisti ezincinci zeNdalo!

Ehlabathini lekhemistri, i-synthetic chemists-ingakumbi i-organic chemist-ihlala ibandakanyeka kwi-synthesis yeemolekyuli ezahlukeneyo kwizicelo ezininzi, ukusuka kwi-pharmaceuticals ukuya kwi-polymers.

Ezi nzame zihlala zibandakanya ukusabela okuntsonkothileyo kufuna ubukrelekrele, izixhobo ezikhethekileyo, kunye nezinto ezixabisa imali eninzi. Nangona kunjalo, phakathi kwemizamo yethu yabantu, kukho iqela lezidalwa ezikrelekrele ngokumangalisayo: iintsholongwane.

Iintsholongwane, ezo ntsholongwane zincinci zihlala zikhona kwindawo esingqongileyo, zinamandla amangalisayo okusebenza njengemizi-mveliso emincinci yemichiza.

Ngokungafunekiyo bavelisa uluhlu olwahlukeneyo lweekhompawundi zendalo zemichiza, ukusuka kwizinto ezilula ukuya kwizinto ezintsonkothileyo, ezaziwa ngokuba ziikhemikhali, iienzymes, kunye nemetabolites.

Ezi khompawundi zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kubomi bethu nakwi-ecosystem.

Qwalasela ivithamin B12, eyona khemikhali inzima kuzo zonke iivithamini, ezinokuthi zidityaniswe ziintsholongwane kuphela. Nangona amashumi eminyaka ezama iingcali zamachiza zokuyidibanisa ngokwemichiza, akuzange kubekho mpumelelo.

I-Chemical synthesis ye-vitamin B12 ifuna amanyathelo angaphezu kwama-60, kunye nezivuno eziphantsi ezingaphantsi kwe-1%. Imveliso yemizi-mveliso, nangona kunjalo, iphunyezwa ngokuvundiswa kwee-microorganisms ezikhethiweyo, ezivelisa ixabiso eliphezulu kakhulu.

Ngokufanayo, i-Coenzyme Q10, okanye i-CoQ, imolekyuli ebalulekileyo yorhwebo kumashishini e-neutraceutical kunye namayeza, idityaniswe ngokukodwa ngokuvutshelwa kwe-microbial ngenxa yokungenzeki kokwenziwa kweekhemikhali kwinqanaba lezorhwebo.

Ukufunyanwa kwepenicillin ngu-Alexander Fleming kwifungus Penicillium kuphawule isiganeko esibalulekileyo kwimbali yonyango, ukusindisa ubomi obungenakubalwa kusulelo olubulalayo lwebhaktiriya.

Kusetyenziswa ezi mizi mveliso zincinci zeeseli, izibonelelo ezinkulu zokubilisa kwimizi-mveliso ziye zasekwa ukuze kukhutshwe imichiza yebhayoloji kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo.

Kwiphulo lokufunyaniswa kwamachiza amatsha, iingcali zamachiza okwenziwa zisoloko zifuna impembelelo kwithala leencwadi lendalo leemolekyuli zebhayoloji.

Ii-Microbes, ezine-metabolites zazo ezahlukeneyo, ziphakathi kweyona mithombo ithandwayo.

Ezi khemistri zincinci zinobuchule obumangalisayo, ukusuka ekuguquleni izondlo ezilula zibe yimichiza entsonkothileyo yebhayoloji ukuya ekulungiseni ungcoliseko lwemekobume.

Ngokwendalo, ii-microbes eziluncedo-ngaphandle kwee-pathogens-zihlala kunye nayo yonke into ephilayo, igalelo kwi-ecological balance ngokusebenzisa i-metabolites yazo.

Ezi khemikhali zebhayoloji zinceda ekukhuleni kwezityalo, zomeleza impilo yezinto eziphilayo (kuquka nabantu), zibilisa ukutya, zisebenza njengamayeza, yaye zifak’ isandla kwiinzame zokucoca indalo esingqongileyo.

Ziqonda ukuba ezi ntsholongwane ziluncedo, izazinzulu ziye zazisebenzisa ukuze ziphucule uluntu nemekobume.

Isizukulwana esilandelayo sezazinzulu sinenjongo yokuqhubela phambili ngobunjineli ezi ntsholongwane zikrelekrele ukuvelisa imichiza yebhayoloji entsha ebingafumaneki ngaphambili.

Lo mzamo unesithembiso sokujongana nemingeni yokusingqongileyo kunye nokusindisa ubomi obungenakubalwa kwinkqubo.

Eneneni, iintsholongwane ziyafana nezona ngcali zemichiza zikrelekrele ehlabathini, zikrelekrele kunezazi ngemichiza, ezikwaziyo ukwenza izinto ezimangalisayo ezingaphaya kwamandla omntu.”